The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Frogge, 5 F.3d 541 (9th Cir. 1993):
The police had probable cause to believe that contraband was in the trunk of the car in which Frogge was sitting. Within 15 minutes of the robbery, the police tracked the beeper signals to Frogge's car and a handheld tracking device indicated that the beeper pack was in the trunk. Given the legitimate stop of the car and probable cause to believe that the stolen money was in the trunk, the police did not need a warrant to open the trunk. See United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798, 825, 102 S.Ct. 2157, 2173, 72
Page 541
G. Cumulative Error
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