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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does a court have a duty to instruct the jury on its own motion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court consider whether Page 9 of the Wall Street Journal has been withheld in violation of the securities laws?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the law on unanimity as to which crime defendant committed?


California, United States of America

When defendant denied ownership and possession of a handgun, what is the effect of the prosecution's evidence that the handgun was not registered to him?


California, United States of America

Is a final spousal support order under section 15.2(3) of the Attorney General's Guidelines for Divorce Review Order enforceable?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a county liable for failing to provide medical treatment for a prisoner injured in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Can an action be dismissed at any stage of the proceedings?


British Columbia, Canada

Is consent obtained by police officers obtained through subterfuge and fraud?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant who is armed with a firearm in the commission of a specified crime entitled to an enhanced sentence under section 12022.5(a) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does an inmate have an eighth amendment right to contact his family?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a trial judge a legal subject to the limitations of legal principles governing the subject of its action?


California, United States of America

Can a party who makes unfounded allegations against lawyers acting for the opposing party be sanctioned by the court with indemnity costs?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts interpreted the distinction between "separate occasions" under Section D of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does majority rule of the children govern?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a complaint with leave of amend?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a certified Record of the Case admissible in an extradition hearing?


Ontario, Canada

Is a defendant's personal presence required at a hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the amount of federal income tax loss when the federal government is responsible for establishing the base offense level?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a father’s actions in destroying an application to bring a child back to the United States?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of disclosure required by a physician to obtain consent from a patient?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding that there is insufficient evidence of premeditation and deliberation to support a finding of first-degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the state test for determining whether a jury would have reached a different result if the trial court had not made the challenged statements and rulings?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the court considered all relevant factors in determining a plaintiff's claim?


California, United States of America

Can a judge order a limited remand and conditionally reverse the judgment and order a retrospective competency hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the state of the law in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a timely and specific objection and asking the court to admonish the jury to disregard the impropriety?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law when it comes to discrimination?


"New York", United States of America

How is a motion to dismiss considered in the context of sexual assault cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for proving negligence in a medical malpractice case?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts treated abuse of the term abuse of art?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a survivor of an incident where an officer used excessive force against an unarmed man claim a Fourth Amendment Claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the California Court of Appeal strike down a section of the California Family Law Act that prohibits the use of a child as a witness?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the definition of a man's mens rea in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a tortfeasor who causes a plaintiff to suffer from a fractured skull as a result of their negligence?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard applied by a judge at a preliminary hearing in an extradition case?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for whether a plaintiff has a valid claim to be able to sue for damages?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction for sexual assault?


California, United States of America

What is the test for falsifying or exaggerating evidence that may be used to demonstrate disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How will we proceed with questioning the expert witness in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the Sixth Amendment on a defendant's right to a complete defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can the trial court prevent defendant from presenting his defense that he shot Nunez in self-defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining a sentence that is procedurally unreasonable?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When a defendant has never been charged or convicted of a sexual assault, can other criminal conduct be considered in the sentencing process?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a defendant makes two opposing arguments at the same time?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a defendant has committed a series of acts in separate circumstances?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law with respect to the integrity of transfer documents?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there sufficient evidence to support the prosecution's theory that appellant committed murder by means of torture?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of the error by the trial court in determining that a defendant was denied a fair trial by mistake?


California, United States of America

What is the test for striking a claim?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a judge ask questions to a plaintiff's counsel in a civil case?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with an alleged oral trust of the proceeds of an insurance policy?


California, United States of America

What is sufficient evidence for a conviction in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a federal court bound by a state finding of fact in a federal appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the consequence of running a heifer on a highway?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is denial of a nonstatutory motion to vacate reviewed for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of prior criminal convictions on a defendant's criminal history category?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the fact of great bodily injury need to be used to support both the upper term and the great bodily injuries enhancement for count six?


California, United States of America

Does the reasonableness standard apply to decisions of adjudicators in connection with immediate roadside driving prohibitions?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a clause in a contract requiring a party to "choosing a choice of law" include the statute of limitations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for enforcing a foreign judgment in an action in personam?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the penalty for multiple-murder?


California, United States of America

What is the purpose of the first part of clause 3(a)?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the propriety of a motion to reconsider and reopen a hearing where witnesses were disqualified?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court award retroactive child support to a plaintiff who was not paying child support at the time of separation?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for limiting defense counsel's cross-examination?


California, United States of America

What is the obligation of an employer to adequately address and respond to allegations of Code Code-related discrimination and harassment in the workplace?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of the three strikes law on sentencing?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law that would have been enforceable as a class action?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on claims of coercive deliberations?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations apply to a claim for breach of warranty?


"New York", United States of America

Does a defendant have to forfeit any claim of prosecutorial misconduct during a closing argument?


California, United States of America

Can Acear bring a motion for partial summary judgment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a collateral attack upon a guilty plea?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court award damages for mental distress for emotional distress resulting from a breach of contract?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a plaintiff refer to a prior pleading in order to make a third amended complaint complete?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden on a defendant who challenges a search warrant based on alleged omission in the affidavit?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to give a jury a full and complete explanation of the self-defense doctrine?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the time limit on a plaintiff's rights?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a plaintiff required to prove hypothetical losses of past earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a lawyer's failure to object during closing argument and opening statement within the wide range of permissible professional conduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a criminal offence is an aggravated felony?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If there is substantial evidence of unconsciousness, would this be considered a complete defense?


California, United States of America

Can an action for back pay and punitive damages be brought under the Tort Claims Act?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for appeal from a final decision of a district judge in a habeas corpus proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for intervening on a motion of appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a defendant charged with murder to be denied pretrial bail?


California, United States of America

What is the case law in favour of using earnings over capital assets?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the relevant facts for the second time?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a landlord permitted to enter a tenant's premises and discover that the tenant is producing marijuana?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for appealing from a jury's verdict acquitting a defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that the principal plaintiff lacked credibility?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does the unanimity instruction apply in cases where multiple theories or acts may form the basis of a guilty verdict on one discrete crime?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be retried for a retrial of a prior conviction for sexual assault?


California, United States of America

If a prisoner has exhausted his administrative remedies when he receives a decision from the Court of Appeal at the third level of review, can he bypass the process by bypassing a level of appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the basis of factual findings on a suppression motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will section 352 of the California Evidence Code be deemed unduly prejudicial?


California, United States of America

How have the Courts in England and Wales dealt with the issue of unequal division of family property?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a board member of a public agency be held personally liable for a decision to "not count the ballots and not count the votes"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of section 1538.5, subdivision (i) of the California Criminal Code, when a motion to suppress evidence is denied?


California, United States of America

What are litigation costs for a plaintiff in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

How has the Ontario Court of Appeal treated the issue of sexual assault under the Ontario Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Is there any conflict of interest when the same attorney represents a defendant at trial and on appeal?


California, United States of America

Can the perpetrator of a crime be found guilty of manslaughter even if the crime was unintentional, accidental or negligent?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a finding that the trial court erred by not holding a hearing on a motion of appeal?


California, United States of America

Does the confrontation clause apply to hearsay statements?


California, United States of America

How is the denial of a motion to dismiss reviewed for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Is a jury's failure to instruct on the crime of felony-manslaughter harmless?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a claim that allowing a juror to take home the jury instructions violated her constitutional right to a jury trial?


California, United States of America

Is there probable cause to arrest Defendant for drug trafficking?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a request for counsel in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for withdrawing from the charge of a child?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances have courts considered a voluntary transfer without consideration?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether an act of gross negligence was committed by an individual with intent?


California, United States of America

What is the test for interest on a judgment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for abuse of discretion in a review of an administrative order?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care required by a doctor in medical malpractice cases?


Nova Scotia, Canada

In a personal injury action, in what circumstances will a doctor be required to produce a complete set of medical records?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on admitting recordings into evidence?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law in which a contract contains a contingency agreement?


Alberta, Canada

Can an execution creditor only sell the property of his debtor subject to all such charges, liens and equities as the same was subject to in the debtor's hands?


Alberta, Canada

What is the appropriate remedy for a defendant who has been ordered to pay for his court-appointed attorney fees?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a search or seizure was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having a safe avenue of escape in a sexual assault case?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the current state of the law on limitation periods?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a motion for relief be brought within a reasonable time?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of ineffective counsel?


California, United States of America

Is an employee entitled to claim as damages as damages for the expenses of mitigation?


Ontario, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to a claim for wrongful imprisonment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is a constructive trust a remedy for breach of fiduciary duty?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a valid special circumstance finding for a defendant convicted of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an aider and abettor to be convicted of a first degree felony murder?


California, United States of America

Is it a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment to make a state criminal the peaceful expression of unpopular views?


"New York", United States of America

What are the remaining elements of an appeal from a criminal judgment against Nino?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If there was an intention to defeat creditors at the time of the conveyance, does that matter to present or future creditors?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for preferability in a class action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the purpose of section 8 of the Charter and what is the scope of the search and seizure?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a specific act constitutes cruel and unusual punishment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a federal district court have original jurisdiction to hear a drug case brought by an appellant who pleaded guilty to a charge of possessing and distributing cocaine in violation of federal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any inconsistency or two implausibilities in the finding that the applicant was not wanted for questioning?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the current state of the law regarding the disclosure of personal information by the Canada Revenue Agency?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What authority does a member of a committee have to impose conditions and restrictions on the rights, privileges or powers of the committee?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors are considered by the courts in determining whether to proceed in a class action?


Ontario, Canada

Does a conviction for assault qualify for a life sentence?


California, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine whether a couple have ceased living in a marriage-like relationship?


British Columbia, Canada

If there was Blakely-Cunningham error, is it harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Can a document referred to in a statement of claim be used?


Manitoba, Canada

Is equity in the matrimonial home apportioned on an 80/20 basis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for proving that a defendant is intoxicated?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a construction lender has a duty to exercise reasonable care to protect the buyers of a home from structural defects?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for negligence in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the starting point in a variation application?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Court need to request further briefing on an issue of inadequate record?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a constitutional right to counsel in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether there is a genetic match?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a defendant has been successful in falsifying DNA evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of sanctions imposed directly by the court without the benefit of a motion from opposing counsel?


California, United States of America

What constitutes substantial evidence of intent to promote, further or assist a gang member in the commission of crime?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated the issue of discrimination in the nursing profession?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant's non-death sentence a mitigating factor in mitigation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for probable cause in a search warrant application based on a sworn statement of an informant?


California, United States of America

What is the lodestar for calculating the amount of reasonable hours expended by a single person to meet a reasonable hourly rate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the relevant case law regarding search and seizure of a person on probation for a breach of the terms of their probation?


California, United States of America

Does the exclusionary rule apply to every Fourth Amendment violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a defendant to be found guilty of a lesser included crime?


California, United States of America

How does the court assess damages for lost opportunity?


British Columbia, Canada

In a personal injury case, in what circumstances would counsel have objected to a motion of no objection?


California, United States of America

Is hearsay testimony by police officers admissible?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court treated defense counsel's Herculean efforts to secure a conviction for the most serious crime?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated sanctions awarded under Code of Civil Procedure section 128.5?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant serve two concurrent sentences for the possession and transfer of counterfeit notes?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of concurrent sentences available to the trial court for the murder and the firearm enhancement of the crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is competent to plead guilty to a charge of assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a defence against want of presentment where there is no evidence that the notes sued on had been presented for payment where made payable?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is a fee for making a new connection to a water system?


California, United States of America

Does a judge have to make a compelling case argument that the sentencing of a convicted rapist was arbitrary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for premeditation and deliberation in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How have appellate courts interpreted the doctrine of instructing on every element of an offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a heat of passion manslaughter instruction need to be given?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defense counsel to object to a finding of misconduct on appeal?


California, United States of America

Is assault with a deadly weapon a lesser included crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for imputing income on behalf of a student's educational needs?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an order consolidating two actions?


Alberta, Canada

What is the law around “buyer beware” in the context of a private sale?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a criminal defendant to have access to counsel at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving an individual's claim of economic losses incurred as a result of criminal activity?


California, United States of America

If the evidence is insufficient to support the conviction for kidnapping for purposes of robbery, does the Attorney General have authority to reduce the conviction to a lesser included crime of false imprisonment?


California, United States of America

Does a search warrant need to be obtained before a police officer can enter a private residence and make an arrest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a law enforcement officer violate the Fourth Amendment by approaching an individual on the street or in another public place?


California, United States of America

Is there a need to extend the due date in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the definition of a pinpoint instruction in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Can a late joinder to a medical malpractice claim prejudice?


Ontario, Canada

What are the legal principles applicable to a claim for aggravated damages in a wrongful dismissal case?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the court strike down a general plan that does not include mandatory elements?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective representation in an immigration proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a Sixth Amendment challenge?


"New York", United States of America

What is the liability of a plaintiff who was distracted by a nude performance?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a loan advanced from the parents of a married person to be used for a family purpose should be presumed to have been a gift?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for knowing of a medical malpractice?


California, United States of America