Does a federal habeas court have to presume that a federal claim was adjudicated on the merits?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Sam v. McDowell, No. 2:16-cv-0286 JAM DB P (E.D. Cal. 2018):

expressly address a federal claim, a federal habeas court must presume, subject to rebuttal, that the federal claim was adjudicated on the merits. Johnson v. Williams, 568 U.S. 289, 292 (2013).

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