The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Espinoza, 26 F.3d 133 (9th Cir. 1994):
We need not decide whether a district court's admission of identification testimony should be reviewed de novo or for abuse of discretion because, under either standard of review, the government prevails. See United States v. Dring, 930 F.2d 687, 692 (9th Cir.1991), cert. denied 113 S.Ct. 110 (1992).
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