Does a defendant who is in custody have to be given a Miranda warning before police officers can interrogate him?

"A defendant who is in custody, as here, must be given Miranda warnings before police officers may interrogate him. (Rhode Island v. Innis (1980) 446 U.S. 291, 297 . . . .) In Innis, the high court defined the term 'interrogation,' stating that 'the Miranda safeguards come into play whenever a person in custody is subjected to either express questioning or its functional equivalent. That is to say, the term "interrogation" under Miranda refers not only to express questioning, but also to any words or actions on the part of the police (other than those normally attendant to arrest and custody) that the police should know are reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response from the suspect. The latter portion of this definition focuses primarily upon the perceptions of the suspect, rather than the intent of the police. This focus reflects the fact that the Miranda

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safeguards were designed to vest a suspect in custody with an added measure of protection against coercive police practices, without regard to objective proof of the underlying intent of the police. A practice that the police should know is reasonably likely to evoke an incriminating response from a suspect thus amounts to interrogation. But, since the police surely cannot be held accountable for the unforeseeable results of their words or actions, the definition of interrogation can extend only to words or actions on the part of police officers that they should have known were reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.' " (People v. Haley (2004) 34 Cal.4th 283, 300.)