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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


How have courts treated pre-existing conditions in the context of injuries?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a party to a matrimonial proceeding have a duty to disclose full financial disclosure to the other party?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a corpus delicti?


California, United States of America

Can the Court of Appeal hear appeals from interlocutory orders of the district court which grant, continue, modify, or dissolve injunctions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of appellate review of a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving eligibility for disability benefits at step five?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a finding of cause?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are incidental damages in a class action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether defendants have been found liable for the mental health and physical abuse of a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for total and permanent disability?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of service required by the Law Society of BC?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for disbarring an attorney from a bar where he has been diagnosed with manic depression?


California, United States of America

What are the factors that a court can consider in determining the severity of a juvenile offender's sentence?


California, United States of America

Can a judge grant a continuance based on the ends of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a protected interest in maintaining maximum security segregation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of a jury finding a codefendant guilty of two armed robberies?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the reliability of evidence given in a civil trial?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a court assess attorneys' fees against the responsible party?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a constructive amendment claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can the doctrine of estoppel apply when the statute of limitations has run out?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for undue delay in a trial?


Ontario, Canada

Can a Canadian regulatory body be sued in a foreign court for breach of sovereign immunity?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What categories of sufficiently proximate relationships have been established by the jurisprudence in the context of the law of negligence?


Ontario, Canada

What is the difference between noise-induced hearing loss and conductive hearing loss?


Ontario, Canada

What is the duty of an appellate tribunal to assess evidence at trial for the purpose of determining guilt or innocence?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for joinder of murder charges?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for denial of a motion for reassignment to a three-judge panel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasonable fees for professional counsel in a personal injury action?


"New York", United States of America

Can a stranger to the trust be held personally liable for breach of trust?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an ex-spouse to be able to do more for herself?


Manitoba, Canada

What are the elements of a negligent undertaking claim?


California, United States of America

Is there any evidence that a promise of leniency was made to appellant during the course of her sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for credibility of evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a jury's instruction that a defendant must keep his hands in his pockets prejudicial?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of “person aggrieved” in legislation?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the mens rea element required for murder in heat of passion?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to be personally present at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether the jury was adequately instructed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a party's burden to establish standing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an employer required to point out the strengths and weaknesses of an employment contract?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of inadmissible evidence at trial and on appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of a finding of error in a motion for personal injury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a single lane right of way in a residential development?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for "reasonably reasonable" medical malpractice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for relying on circumstantial evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is sufficient circumstantial evidence to convict a person for assault?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of liberty under s. 7 of the Charter?


Alberta, Canada

Does the case law support the argument that there is probable cause to search a person's computer for child pornography?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a workplace environment is "hostile or abusive"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying an application by the Court of Appeal to overturn a finding of not guilty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for s.19 of the Child Support Guidelines?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does a reduction in the amount of tax liability that a husband would incur as a result of the sale of his shares in his corporation constitute contingent?


Manitoba, Canada

Does the pendency of a restraining order apply to a motion for a temporary restraining order?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the exclusion of parental testimony in a criminal case affect the outcome of the trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have a crumbling skull?


British Columbia, Canada

What is vexatious pleading?


Yukon, Canada

How have courts dealt with the argument that negligence or lack of care on the part of a visitor relieves the occupier of his duty to make the premises reasonably safe?


Alberta, Canada

Does the interpretation of s. 93(1)(a)(ii) of the BCSC 2455 of the Statutory Regulation of Motor Vehicles apply in the context of a limitation in the meaning of the limitation in s.93(1)?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an order for costs be reviewed as part of an appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the double jeopardy clause in the Fifth Amendment apply to multiple prosecutions for the same crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between a request for a psychiatric assessment and an independent medical assessment?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court order that a city should appoint a commission to supervise the construction of a new city hall and court house?


Alberta, Canada

Does a pretextual stop need to be valid?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a criminal defendant compel discovery of information in the personnel files of a police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the range of deductions for lost years in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for evidence of a statement made under the hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

What is the range of spousal support awarded under the Spousal Support Appeal Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

On appeal, what analysis applies to a motion to reopen?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a conversation between a prisoner and medical provider concerning the appropriate course of treatment under the Eighth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a business as an investment vehicle?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the impact of a single incident mass tort?


Ontario, Canada

What is the general rule on appeal to the theory advanced below?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a landlord who, as a result of its actions, has been found to have both forfeiture and distraint on a tenant's premises?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining what is in a child’s best interests?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of producing material for trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a cause of action where the evidence is limited to circumstantial evidence?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a plaintiff have to prove that she and the victim were engaged to be married?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated peremptory challenges at voir dire?


California, United States of America

What is the test for misapprehension of evidence?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a defendant introduce hearsay evidence for the purpose of testifying while avoiding cross-examination?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on summary trial resolution?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the exclusionary rule apply to probation revocation proceedings?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will an action be successful against an attorney who misappropriates funds from a client's accounts?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a plaintiff has admitted that he failed to exhaust all available administrative remedies before he commenced this action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an insurer be vicariously liable for an agent's failure to obtain agreed upon coverage?


California, United States of America

Can a lawyer be personally liable for costs in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining the determination of a plaintiff's costs in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing the credibility of an informant in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What are the fiduciary obligations of a solicitor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making a default judgment in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a search warrant issued in error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defense counsel to object to the court's response?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unanimous agreement on a jury's verdict in a murder trial?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be cross-examined for discussions with his attorney about a possible plea bargain?


California, United States of America

What is the double criminality rule?


Ontario, Canada

What is the difference between an allegation of systemic discrimination and an individual claim of discrimination?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of s. 15(1) of the Charter on Canadian law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the causes of action against the trustees of a trustee's trust?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of an amended pleading in a civil action alleging that a defendant failed to supervise and ensure compliance with regulatory standards?


Ontario, Canada

How has the court interpreted the probable cause test for a search warrant application?


California, United States of America

What is the test for interest on loss of future earnings?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the quantum of compensatory damages awarded by the Court of Appeal in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Can the Attorney General rely on a "technical argument" on appeal?


California, United States of America

When will the court order that a primary residence be located in a municipality where the child is primarily residence with one parent?


Ontario, Canada

Can a husband who has obtained consent to divorce from his wife in a different jurisdiction obtain a divorce in another jurisdiction?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a judicial review of a final order or decision rendered by a state or local agency?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty of aiding and abetting a murder if the actual perpetrator is convicted of the same crime?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated mail that bears an incorrect ZIP code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a court of competent jurisdiction?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a jury to agree that a defendant is guilty of a crime?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the Benford decision on the defense of entrapment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "significantly unfair" transactions?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between a licensed physician and a plaintiff in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Does the constructive filing doctrine apply to an untimely notice of appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim for damages under Section 1983 of the Federal Trade Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can the absence of a mitigating factor be considered aggravating in determining the penalty issue?


California, United States of America

Does the 25% cap apply as a firm cap?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a prior conviction under section 1170.126 of the California Criminal Code apply to disqualify an applicant from applying for a university degree?


California, United States of America

What is the test for imposing a restitution fine under the Criminal Proceeds of Crime Act?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecutor's argument that provocation reduces a murder to voluntary manslaughter constitute misconduct?


California, United States of America

What evidence exists that appellant was involved in a conspiracy to establish a state-sponsored medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the language in the context of harassment claims?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for overturning a finding of insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the proposition that the use of a car by a plaintiff in a motor vehicle while driving?


California, United States of America

Can goods be unmerchantable if there is no warning?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the standard for determining the sufficiency of evidence supporting a special circumstance finding?


California, United States of America

Can an accused withdraw a guilty plea?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a government official be held liable in a civil action for the loss of a plaintiff's property?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review on appeal from a judgment dismissing an action after sustaining a demurrer without leave to amend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for invoking Rule 2(d) of the Rules of Court?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a court have to explain the law of constructive possession?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the presumption that the occupier of the land intended to use the land without paying compensation to the owner?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a federal judge to exercise power under Article III of the Constitution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motion pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure to enforce a settlement agreement be denied?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a limitation statute be interpreted in favour of a plaintiff?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a selling agent have a duty to scrupulously avoid a potential conflict of interest?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the presumptions of advancement and resulting trust in the transfer of condominiums?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between a government decision to not fund or not to fund a particular program and the proper subject matter of scrutiny?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for "fresh evidence" on appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test of adequateate, just and equitable for the purpose of disinherited beneficiaries?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a judgment by a trial court entered pursuant to directions of an appellate court be appealed?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecutor's comment that a defendant has an absolute constitutional right not to testify affect the outcome of his trial?


California, United States of America

Does the error in allocating the burden of proof in the case of Steeg v. R.S.C.O.R.O., result in a reversal on the facts of the case?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a facial attack to challenge jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a claimant is entitled to disability benefits?


California, United States of America

Can a permit fee based on volume of soil removed be an indirect levy?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a written document creates joint tenancy between the husband and wife?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a functional evaluation and job site analysis a diagnostic aid?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for latent defects in real property?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a bus driver to stop abruptly?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the state attorney general's position on qualified immunity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a savings clause in a personal injury claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for multiple punishment under section 654 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What constitutes an intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of discretion" in dealing with uncharged evidence at trial?


California, United States of America

When reviewing a denial of a motion to dismiss on double jeopardy grounds before trial, does this court review the error made in the denial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with the issue of prejudice in a non-contact hockey league application?


Ontario, Canada

What would happen if a bar patron falls off his stool and injures himself?


California, United States of America

Can a jury at a medical malpractice trial select an expert's opinion solely for their assistance?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a borrower have standing to challenge the assignment or securitization of their loan?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What are the primary causes of a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the procedure in which a defendant can appeal against his conviction for failing to obtain searchable information from a police officer?


California, United States of America

Does a physician need to endorse all the items in a claim for future care?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for carrying out an unprovoked shooting?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are the elements of the definition of "aider and abettor's actus reus"?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will named plaintiffs be able to represent a class action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the term "natural and probable consequences" apply to assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on eyewitness identification?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for establishing a single conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can relevant evidence be excluded from a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "implied malice" in a murder case?


California, United States of America

Is an employee entitled to a service-connected disability retirement because his employment contributed substantially to his disability?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant who has completed his sentence for failing to complete his due diligence apply for habeas corpus relief when he is in federal immigration custody?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a change of custody that would result in the children being removed from their mother's primary care?


Alberta, Canada

What is a shareholder’s reasonable expectation that they would be entitled to protection?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a lobbyist to be barred from making political contributions under section 86200 of the Hatch Act?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of the tort of negligence?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What are some possible items of corroboration in a sexual assault case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the effect of the opposition of the owners of a Strata Plan NW 2644 A992067?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law in which a learned judge has called for "comity" to be considered in the context of cross-border litigation?


Ontario, Canada

Is it misconduct for a prosecutor to argue that a defense argument is unreasonable?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will Master Horn adjourning an application to accord Rule 66 status?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a sentencing decision was irrational or arbitrary?


California, United States of America

When will a trial judge override a motion to dismiss a motion that would have allowed evidence of sexual assault to be used in the trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a judge immune when acting in a clear absence of jurisdiction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a payor impute income under Section 19 of the Child Support Guidelines?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the Attorney General grant a motion to stay a sentence for criminal threats under section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the exclusion of evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a statement of claim alleging conspiracy and intentional interference with economic relations?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a complaint is an actual controversy at all stages of review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a director of a parent corporation serve as an agent of a subsidiary?


California, United States of America

On the grounds that a motion for a rehearing of a motion on the grounds of rehearing has been denied on the same grounds as the original application, in what circumstances will the appeal be heard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an administrative tribunal be master of its own proceedings?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is there any case law where an evidentiary privilege has been applied in the context of a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of assisting a defendant in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for putting a plaintiff in a position he or she would have been in today if he had not been injured in an accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of Proposition 8 on a motion to overturn a finding of not guilty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to prove that snow and ice on a parking lot constitutes an unusual danger?


Saskatchewan, Canada