Alexi purple

Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test on an application to vary the order of a single justice?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to a reproof or rebuke for the conduct of counsel in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a spouse to vary the terms of their marriage agreement?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the principle that no court will lend its aid to a person who has committed an illegal act?


Alberta, Canada

What constitutes a quid pro quo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim against a defendant in a civil matter?


California, United States of America

Can a defense counsel request an admonition from the trial court for failing to timely object to challenged testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the test for evidence of bad character in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant case law regarding the provisions of section 20 of the Criminal Code of Ontario's Firearms Act?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a change in venue in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is compliance with section 844 of the California Criminal Code with respect to destruction of evidence under Section 844 excused?


California, United States of America

Does a guilty plea need to be considered a reduction for acceptance of responsibility?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a solicitor be denied professional privilege over communications made in order to get advice for the purpose of carrying out a fraud?


Alberta, Canada

Does the absence of intercase proportionality review violate the Eighth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of the People v. Superior Court argument that the evidence of provocation or self-defense is insufficient?


California, United States of America

Does a court have to rely on aggravating facts that were not found true by the jury?


California, United States of America

Does the rule of exhaustion of administrative remedies apply equally to an action for declaratory relief or for equitable relief?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the Cartwright Act's prohibitions on restraints on trade?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for denying a visa application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the proper procedure for advising opposing counsel that a claim is being abandoned?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant's statements at trial be interpreted as solicitation of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of fraud on the reputation of the successful party?


British Columbia, Canada

Is removal of a state cause of action improper when it displaces federal law with a federal replacement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for freedom of expression in the context of the Charter?


Alberta, Canada

In a context of extensive state regulation, can premises where an activity subject to the specific regulation be reasonably protected?


British Columbia, Canada

Are policy and legislative decisions immune from liability in negligence?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the appellants argued that the use of a trained German Shepherd dog, Meisha, in a search and seizure pursuant to the Fourth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a termination clause simply stating that an employee is entitled to compensation in accordance with the legislation restrict the employee to the minimum notice period provided?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an application to stay a stay of an application for a stay in a child protection proceeding?


Ontario, Canada

Can a defendant be found guilty of aiding and abetting possession rather than the possession itself?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the interpretation of a fire insurance contract?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a search warrant under the Constitution requiring that probable cause be stated in the warrant affidavit?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the 9th Circuit Court dealt with the issue of sexual assault on a minor?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the governing principles of a personal injury application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversal of a finding of misconduct against a prosecutor who uses deceptive or reprehensible methods to persuade the jury to convict a defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a special tax and a general tax?


California, United States of America

Is Section 148 a lesser included offense of the second way to violate section 69: knowingly resisting, by force or violence, a police officer who is performing his executive duty?


California, United States of America

Does a criminal defendant have a statutory right to appeal their sentence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the American approach to assessing "fair use" in copyright law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the standard of review for a patent application?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does the causal connection test apply to an application for interim spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for giving immunity to a witness who testified in a witness testimony?


California, United States of America

Is a crime committed in association with a gang if the parties relied on their common gang membership and the apparatus of the gang in committing the crimes?


California, United States of America

How have the courts reviewed the credibility of witnesses in a bankruptcy proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the law in law to determine the father's income for 2018 based almost entirely on interest and dividend income only?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for bad faith in a corporation?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts interpreted Section 1956 of the Criminal Code in relation to mail fraud allegations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What evidence is sufficient to support a conviction for possession of a concealed concealed dirk or dagger?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a finding of guilt in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring an application to have two separate actions at the same time?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a breach of trust for a lawyer who misappropriates client funds from an employer?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making excessive or excessive use of words in a statute?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of prosecutorial misconduct in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What constitutes substantial evidence establishing dangerousness?


California, United States of America

How has section 1305 of the California Code of Civil Procedure been interpreted in the context of forfeiture and forfeiture cases?


California, United States of America

If the parties cannot agree as to the costs of a trial, what are the options available to the parties?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for conducting an examination for discovery?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a judicial review of an award of $200,000 awarded to a minor offender on appeal?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a "seized" under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that an inmate has been exposed to unsafe levels of arsenic?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an individual seek private interest standing against an administrative order that interferes with a private right?


Ontario, Canada

Can a pregnant heroin addict be convicted of endangering her unborn child?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer in plain clothes stop a defendant from walking down a street with a camera attached to his neck?


California, United States of America

What is the test for balancing under s. 11(b) of the Criminal Code of Canada?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for section 654 of the California Criminal Code when a single act or omission is a divisible transaction?


California, United States of America

Can a judge consider the quantum of an award in light of economic analysis?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant who fails to appear at trial have a right to be present at trial?


"New York", United States of America

Can an appeal against a finding that the appellant's attorney has fully complied with her responsibilities and has not acted properly on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff’s employment prospects would have been better if they had not been injured in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts reviewed the admissibility of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on a citizen's right to "defend" against a valid arrest?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a probationer wilfully violated his probation?


California, United States of America

What is the "good faith" requirement for a plaintiff to seek a judicial review of a motion for review of an issue that is not frivolous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a trial when the trial has been deemed started?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of s. 29 of the Canadian Anti-Doping Agency’s s.29 of the Criminal Code on the application of an extradition warrant?


Ontario, Canada

Are fire suppression costs that are charged by a municipality pursuant to authority conferred on them by the Municipal Government Act?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the findings of a federal district court in the case of Carter v McCarthy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any abuse of information provided to Miroyan on a motion to continue his case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the relevant evidence that the prosecutor and defense counsel may have to present to the jury at the penalty phase of a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How does the Court of Appeal review a claim of insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer be permitted to enter a person's home from a peephole?


California, United States of America

How does exclusionary rule apply in the context of a Fourth Amendment violation?


California, United States of America

Does defendant have the ability to pay the court-ordered costs of his appointed counsel at trial?


California, United States of America

Does the paternal grandparents have standing to file a petition against the mother for custody under the Family Law Act?


"New York", United States of America

Can a custodian of records refuse to comply with a subpoena?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the doctrine of estoppel in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the meaning of the phrase "to benefit a criminal street gang"?


California, United States of America

Is Minister of Justice responsible for Minister of Citizenship and Immigration?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a juror be found to have been "very biased" during jury deliberations?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a contractor to prove that his work is in good condition?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for bad faith and lack of bona fides in oppression assessments?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the legal test for establishing a section in the Owner Developer's Condominium Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of a mother's behaviour in attempting to undermine the relationship between her children and their father?


Ontario, Canada

Is a judge immune from liability in a civil action brought against him?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a finding of probable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss under the Speedy Trial Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing prejudice in a Motion to strike the gang enhancements?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor be charged with misconduct for making comments that referred to "OG" in a news article?


California, United States of America

How has the writ of habeas corpus been interpreted in the context of a civil case?


British Columbia, Canada

When will the court order a primary school to be located where the children go to school?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for "specific jurisdiction" in a civil matter?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "substantial compliance" under the BC SCCA?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an aider and abettor to be found guilty of a charge of perverting the course of justice?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of the prosecution's request to obtain confidential medical records of a patient in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the union in the context of a claim that the union did not act in bad faith?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a valid challenge to the competency of a prosecution witness at trial?


California, United States of America

Does defendant have a claim that the exclusion of prospective jurors from a jury in a death penalty case constitute impermissible religious discrimination?


California, United States of America

How does the Court of Appeal review a trial court's ruling to admit evidence over defendant's objection based on evidence section 352?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff is entitled to differential treatment on the basis of sexual orientation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of demonstrating each element in a motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a defendant was the sole cause of an injury?


British Columbia, Canada

When a state prisoner has defaulted on his federal claim in a state court pursuant to an independent and adequate state procedural rule, can he seek a federal habeas review of the claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Zion II entitled to attorney fees and costs incurred on appeal?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the preemption doctrine in the context of unionization issues?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the Attorney General's discretionary power to deny parole to an unadmitted alien reviewed for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motion to vacate a judgment on the grounds of perjury succeed?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for abuse of the writ?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of claim preclusion on an action where the claim was not expressly pleaded or otherwise urged?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a criminal offence under section 654 of the California Criminal Code when multiple crimes are committed at the same time?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of the search warrant used to obtain a search warrant for an alleged illegal gambling conspiracy?


"New York", United States of America

What statements have been made on costs relating to children’s issues?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion for a new trial for abuse of counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard for excusing prospective jurors from a jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for credibility of a witness?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a motor vehicle application?


California, United States of America

Is there a meritorious defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an amended complaint supers supersede the original pleading?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a waiver for a defendant to waive a criminal charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a threat under section 422 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the court have to dismiss the conspiracy charge against the individual defendants in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Under what circumstances will a motion for a mistrial be denied under the deferential abuse of standard?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant not be allowed to prove any part of the amount claimed to be owed?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the difference between robbery and extortion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prospective juror has a valid reason to be excused?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff claim a proprietary interest in a defendant's pension?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the jury have the power to determine whether the driver of the vehicle was aware of the collision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Sixth Amendment right to counsel extend to federal habeas corpus actions filed by state prisoners under Section 2254?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to intervene in a personal injury action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review of an arbitration award?


California, United States of America

What standard of review applies to a ruling by a trial court on the admissibility of evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for wilful disobedience of an order?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a person be convicted of more than one crime arising out of the same act or course of conduct?


California, United States of America

Is Minor's mental state sufficient to constitute an attempted murder?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the appellants be able to rely on the two-witness rule under Section 1001 of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have a right to counsel during the sentencing phase of their criminal trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a claim for malicious prosecution have accrued at the time of dismissal of the criminal action?


California, United States of America

What is a prisoner's right to adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, and personal safety?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an accused demand that members of her race be included on the jury?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant avoid the burden of establishing attorney fees by submitting a declaration from counsel rather than billing records or invoices?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for failure to instruct a jury on a lesser included offense?


California, United States of America

Can a police officer be held liable for attorney fees incurred by a plaintiff who proves that he was arrested without probable cause?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for equal protection in the context of an involuntary commitment statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a realtor be found guilty of negligence in relation to an allegation that the realtor or the selling realtor failed to conduct a proper and proper investigation before the sale of the property?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a judge have the power to set aside a judgment against defendants on equitable grounds?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review of an application for leave to appeal?


Alberta, Canada

What is the most persuasive factor leading to a finding of fraud in a case of close relationship between the debtor and the transferee?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of attempted murder?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation on cross-examination in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How much time was deliberated by a jury in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a prosecutor have a special duty to assure that defendants receive fair trials?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be found contributorily negligent if she falls on an icy or slippery path to her suite?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for obtaining a restraining order under the California Domestic Violence Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a certificate of probable cause under section 1237.5?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant was deprived of his right to effective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an agreement that was not entered into in the course of or in connection with another proceeding?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review on appeal from an order of dismissal after a demurrer has been sustained?


California, United States of America

What is vicarious liability in the context of medical malpractice?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for intervenor status in a public interest action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for properly dismissing an equal protection claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any new evidence that would change the result of a jury trial?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a motion to suppress the fruits of a search in violation of the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of federal trade and commerce powers in s. 91(2)?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the scope of a court's discretion to revoke, revoke or terminate a defendant's probation?


California, United States of America

Can an employer who responds quickly and effectively to a complaint of sexual harassment avoid liability?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review following a denial of a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be found guilty of second-degree murder by reason of heat of passion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will appellate counsel make an independent review of the trial court proceedings and determine no meritorious claims for appeal?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of the Social Security Advisory Board's (SSAG) decisions?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for disclosing material facts in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for procedural due process in civil litigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant has argued that the trial court erred by refusing to admit two items of evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a jury verdict in a medical malpractice case is harmless?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is suitable for probation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving an accused sufficient information to be able to stand trial?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be barred from the community in which he has practised for 10 years?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the range of damages for a plaintiff who sustained a fractured disc in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for deliberate indifference in the context of medical malpractice cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for providing attorney fees for successful litigants in public interest lawsuits?


California, United States of America

What is the position of the accused in the context of medical marijuana use?


Alberta, Canada

How have the courts dealt with a claim that a defendant failed to plead the facts satisfying the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

If defendant bargains for a stipulated sentence, would he need a certificate of probable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a reduction in the amount of child maintenance under the Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law supporting a finding that an instructional error is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Does Foss v Harbottle have the ability to make a claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a driver who enters an intersection on a yellow light?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of a policy/operational discussion in an action for negligence?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada