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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the difference between a breach of the Professional Conduct Rules and professional misconduct?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the findings of the California Court of Appeal on the jury's deliberations for the lesser included charge of gross vehicular manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Does a prosecution have the right to cross-examine the testimony of a forensic pathologist who did not prepare the autopsy report or take the photographs he testified about?


California, United States of America

Does a sentence of life without the possibility of parole apply to a convicted murderer who was convicted of murder under section 190.3.2 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant’s negligence was a contributory factor in the cause of an injury?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for re-opening a trial to adduce fresh evidence after judgement has been pronounced?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the favorable termination rule apply to prison disciplinary proceedings if those proceedings resulted in loss of good-time or behavior credits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the federal prejudgment interest rate apply to an action brought under federal statute such as bankruptcy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for removing the lis pendens?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a prosecutor have absolute immunity from a claim for damages arising from a conditional decision with regard to prosecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the history of Section 1037 need to be considered?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages awarded by a court for a photographer who fails to show up for a wedding?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does leave of the court need to be obtained if the parties have consented to the matter being placed on the trial list?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a defendant who has pleaded guilty to a charge of obstructing the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the attorney-client relationship?


California, United States of America

Can a supervisor be held liable for the unlawful conduct of his or her subordinate in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant can pay a restitution fine under section 1202.4 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a murder is premeditated or unpremeditated?


California, United States of America

Is a preliminary injunction within the jurisdiction of the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that Metro-North engaged in a pattern or practice of intentional discrimination against African-American employees?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a trial court's failure to question each juror privately regarding a juror misconduct claim an issue of abuse of power not one of constitutional significance?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of deliberate falsehood and exaggeration in the context of a claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proof against the prosecution on issues on attenuation?


California, United States of America

What is the scope and standard of a solicitor’s duty of care?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for "plain error" in instructing the jury in a jury trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has defendant been convicted of a range of crimes arising out of an off and on romantic relationship with his ex-girlfriend?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting prejudicial evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the cost of an assessment of costs under Rule 140(3) of the Rules of Civil Procedure?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a federal prisoner appeal the denial of his Section 2255 motion and the court's decision not to hold an evidentiary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is implied malice sufficient to constitute an actual malice in an attempted murder case?


California, United States of America

Is there substantial evidence that would have raised a reasonable doubt as to whether defendant unlawfully possessed or transported prescription medications?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a school has been found to be "unlawful" by the courts?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for "a person aids and abets the commission of a crime"?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a deadly weapon or instrument other than a firearm?


California, United States of America

What is the defense counsel's strategy not to object to very damaging admissions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of care required of a trustee in administering an estate?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the appropriate sentence for a man who pleaded guilty to home invasion and obstruction of police?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the effect of police preinterrogation warnings on a minor?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for establishing prejudice in a motion for damages against a defendant?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an appeal from an indigent parent's appeal from a judgment or order, obtained by the state, adversely affecting his status as a parent?


California, United States of America

How has the Attorney General responded to a motion to appeal against the revocation of a defendant's parole?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant's negligence contributed to a plaintiff's injuries?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for intimidating a witness?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff in a personal injury case be deemed indifferent to the policy?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a university have a duty to prevent students from drinking alcohol on campus?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making sense out of “true questions of jurisdiction”?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a supervisor was responsible for the deprivation of a plaintiff?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a Rule 20 motion?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant's plea of not guilty in a motor vehicle case contradict the fact that he abandoned the vehicle and fled on foot and, when apprehended, denied having taken or driven the vehicle?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review under California Evidence Code section 352?


California, United States of America

Does the record support a conviction for grand theft by embezzlement under section 504 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Does a solicitor who arranges for prompt service need to be held before the court?


Ontario, Canada

How have the courts interpreted the terms of the minutes of a settlement agreement where a husband and wife's insurance policies were to be revoked?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a defendant raise a defense involving their mental capacity?


"New York", United States of America

Is there any case law allowing night hunting?


Ontario, Canada

Is it misconduct for a prosecutor to violate a court ruling by eliciting or attempting to elicit inadmissible evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Can plaintiffs establish a "class of one" equal protection claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of a motion under Rule 23.01(1)(a)?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is a shareholder's designation of a supplemental expert witness valid?


California, United States of America

Under what circumstances will a search warrant be used to justify both subjective motive and objective reasonableness to justify an emergency entry search?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "willful misconduct" in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on disclosure of privileged documents?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for "any reasonable trier of fact" in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Does the use of "Doe" defendants in a personal injury action apply?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of a stay of proceedings application?


British Columbia, Canada

In a death penalty case, in what circumstances will the court grant a motion for self-representation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim of inevitable discovery?


California, United States of America

What factors are considered by the courts in assessing credibility?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for determining whether prison officials were aware of a risk to the safety of an inmate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some examples of judicial review of administrative decisions?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of failure to apply for refugee status immediately upon arrival or within a reasonable delay?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for remanding a decision by the Social Security Commissioner to award benefits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of Justice Panelli's opinion in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for giving jury instructions?


California, United States of America

Is there substantial evidence supporting defendant's conviction for forcible lewd acts where he grabbed the victims' hands and forced them to touch his genitals?


California, United States of America

Is appellant ineligible for Proposition 47 relief because he is required to register as a sex offender under Penal Code section 290?


California, United States of America

What are the parents' rights under s. 7 of the Charter to security of the person?


Manitoba, Canada

What are the findings of a magistrate judge's conclusions of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a domestic violence victim be allowed to make an out-of-court statement?


California, United States of America

What are the elements required to be found in contempt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the judicial test of credibility?


Ontario, Canada

Does the rule of convenience or necessity apply to criminal prosecution?


California, United States of America

Is evidence of a statement made to a witness by a person who is not himself called as a witness admissible?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for sufficiency of evidence in a mental health case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a contract to sell land for a sum of money?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is imposition of a constructive trust a remedy for unjust enrichment?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the definition of "gang" and "gang-related" been interpreted by the courts?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where evidence at trial implied bad character or criminal disposition?


California, United States of America

What is the liability of a defendant who causes a plaintiff to suffer injuries as a result of their actions?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the threshold requirement of material change in an application for variation of an order for access to a child?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of a motor vehicle accident on a plaintiff's mental health?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a district court's failure to decide class certification as early as possible in a class action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Are transcripts of a grand jury hearing relevant to impeach witnesses at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the limitation of disclosure against Dr. A?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a "mere visitor" subject to a search warrant?


California, United States of America

Is it irrational for a reasonably competent attorney to argue that a search warrant may be invalid?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons why appellants have demurred to each cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "wrongful life" claims?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a judge be considered deliberate in making a deliberate decision?


Ontario, Canada

When will a court order a contextual analysis in the context of a claim?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for finding a party in breach of a restraining order?


Ontario, Canada

Can an implied term be implied when the implied term arises from one agreement?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does a federal court have to review the voluntariness of a confession?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for deducting in lieu of severance from the assessment of damages?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts responded to a defense counsel's objection to a prosecutor's personal opinion in their closing argument?


California, United States of America

Can a former employee claim for defamatory statements made by an employer after termination be excluded from a workers' compensation exclusion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a criminal defendant request a continuance to permit retained counsel to recover from a heart attack?


California, United States of America

What factors will be considered in the balance of convenience assessment of an interlocutory injunction?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for closing an access road without a court order?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Attorney General have probable cause for the seizure of a person's electronic signature and other electronic devices?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review governing the validity of administrative regulations?


California, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine whether a suspect has been detained in custody?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an attempted murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test to strike a statement of claim under Rule 9-5?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for writing in a guarantor's statement to a defendant?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a judicial review of a decision made under the California Environmental Quality Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for libel under the O.C.G.A.L.B.A., 51-5-1 statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on reasonable doubt in closing arguments?


California, United States of America

Can a court strike the entire testimony of a witness who has been cross-examined?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an allegation of discrimination against a first-party member of a First Nation?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a defendant have the right to have questions of fact propounded to a jury for determination?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction where evidence has been lost or destroyed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to appeal against his conviction for assault?


California, United States of America

When will a jury consider whether a defendant be executed if they are convicted of murder?


California, United States of America

Can a motion for a new trial be denied without an evidentiary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using the term "disfigure" in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of undue influence on an elderly beneficiary?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for unanimous verdict in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

In a habeas corpus petition, what is the test for an ineffective attorney?


California, United States of America

What are punitive damages for conduct in the manner of dismissal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a search for weapons by a police officer?


California, United States of America

Is possession of a firearm silencer a crime of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of review of a local board's refusal to reopen a registrant's classification?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the pleadings in a civil case been interpreted in the context of Section 606(1) of the Federal Housing Guidelines?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a court to grant interim custody to a father who has been granted interim custody of his children by a judge?


Yukon, Canada

What is the test for damages in a defamation case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for an attorney representing a plaintiff in a civil rights case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the court interpreted the "contemporaneous" requirement for a mother to be present at the scene of an explosion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff have to sue a handibus driver for failing to stop at the scene of an accident?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion seeking to overturn a finding of error in the trial court?


California, United States of America

Does a prisoner's claim of inadequate medical care constitute cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with marital law issues in divorce cases?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of conduct for a plaintiff to file a complaint in a pro se proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a mortgagee who buys land from a tax purchaser who is not a mortgagor set up as an absolute purchaser of the land as if he had purchased from a stranger?


Ontario, Canada

What is the state of the law on sexual assault by inmates of a maximum security prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the evidence need to be sufficient to establish that defendant displayed "harmful matter" to a minor?


California, United States of America

Does a probation officer preparing a sentencing report for a state court judge have absolute judicial immunity from a personal injury claim brought under section 1983 of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test upon which the court must base its decision in matters of custody and access?


Ontario, Canada

Can the absence of a mitigating factor be considered aggravating in determining the penalty issue?


California, United States of America

What is the test for injunctions in a labour dispute?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of a specific crime?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff sue for medical malpractice for failing to provide adequate medical care for an inmate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for the purpose of determining whether a claim is valid or invalid?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the right to remain anonymous?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the new rules on the taxation of personal injury costs?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a limitation on cross-examination pertaining to credibility of witness not violate the confrontation clause?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the doctrine of probative evidence in criminal cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When a finding of fact is challenged on the grounds that there is no substantial evidence to sustain it, does the appellate court have any power to substitute its conclusions for those of the trial court?


California, United States of America

Is Carufel's contention that his attorney provided ineffective assistance of counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some of the most recent court decisions in the history of the ONSC?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for denying defendant a right to present his defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to overturn a judgment against a former partner who lost his claim against his ex-partner?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an employee's right to indemnification under a contract that waives indemnification?


California, United States of America

What is the test for extending the time to file a Notice of Appeal?


Ontario, Canada

Is an order discharging stakeholder from liability and granting attorney fees appealable?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of tolling in a sexual abuse case?


California, United States of America

Is there any basis to amend or amend the Defendant's demurrers to the Plaintiff's cause of action?


California, United States of America

Can a claimed expense be a special or extraordinary expense?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a person be convicted of multiple crimes arising out of the same act or course of conduct?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court order interim support on a motion for spousal support?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing liability in negligence?


California, United States of America

Can the Attorney General argue that all claims of instructional error have been forfeited on appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor commit misconduct under the federal penalty standard at the penalty phase of a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does a jury have to agree that there is a conspiracy between two defendants?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of false misrepresentation in a motor vehicle insurance contract?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for having in rem jurisdiction in a marital dissolution action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an applicant's claim that he is incapable of attending a hearing?


Ontario, Canada

What is the general survivor benefits scheme and what are the gradations?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of a motion to strike?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the state of the law on abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence given by an expert in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Is there a cause of action against any defendant for mis-processing the administrative appeals of a plaintiff?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the state employee's right to stay in his position?


California, United States of America

What is the test for bringing forward a charge before the Court of Appeal?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a medical marijuana collective?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving consideration to the wife in the context of marriage law?


Alberta, Canada

Is possession of a firearm by a felon a serious felony?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the credibility of a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the "most useful guide to the meaning of the words 'fair market value' in the Dominion Succession Duty Act"?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a motion under Rule 35 to overturn a District Court's denial of a Rule 35 motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a verdict where the jury failed to agree on a unanimous verdict?


California, United States of America

Does a court have a sua sponte duty to instruct on a lesser included charge of second degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is a "premeditated" crime?


California, United States of America

Does a police officer have a duty to prevent a pedestrian from running into a group of pedestrians?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing an action for a different reason?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the threshold for an Article 13(b) exception to return?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the state's obligation to provide paid counsel?


Alberta, Canada

Is there probable cause to obtain a defendant's DNA from a buccal swab?


"New York", United States of America