Alexi purple

Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the scope of a search warrant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the 5th amendment guarantee protect against forced individual disclosure of information?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a fiduciary position holder be required to repay an amount unaccounted for?


Ontario, Canada

Does section 12031(a)(2)(C) of the California Criminal Code (the crime of carrying a loaded firearm in public) apply to a person who is "actively participates" in a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances can a trustee seek direction from the court to proceed with an action in which the beneficiaries of the trust have been denied access to the trustee's funds?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts treated expert testimony in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for alleging a violation of the California Civil Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an injury arising out of employment is a contributory factor in determining whether a claim can be made under section 3600 of the California Labor Code?


California, United States of America

Can a third party judgment creditor bring a direct action against the insured under Insurance Code section 11580?


California, United States of America

What is the test to apply in determining whether a retroactive disability support award should be made?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of care of a defendant in a personal injury claim?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a mother's intention to relocate with her children under a restraining order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal basis for the publication of a newspaper to give notice of an action against a property owner?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for instructing a jury on an aiding and abetting liability theory?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of having no notice of the proceedings served on her by the Superior Court of Justice in Chicago?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the burden of proving that a defendant has a duty to prevent a slip and fall?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on civil commitment of the mentally ill?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim under Section 1983 of the Federal Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

How have the courts dealt with allegations that heroin seized by the police was destroyed in the context of criminal proceedings?


California, United States of America

Does res judicata bar a later action upon the same cause of action?


California, United States of America

What is the test to establish an abuse of discretion in denying leave to amend?


California, United States of America

Does damage arising from a breach of contract constitute a cause of action?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the legal test for an application to bring an application under section 4(3) of the Immigration Regulations, and what is the burden of proof?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for determining whether a third party is an intended beneficiary of a contract?


California, United States of America

How have courts in B.C. dealt with liability between servient and dominant cars?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant have standing to argue that a prosecutor discriminated against him by bringing a capital prosecution against him because of his race?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a fourth amended complaint in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

How has the burglary statute been interpreted in this case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a final order be made where the final order is intended to achieve a specific set of objectives?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the definition of a "special circumstance" need to be repeated?


California, United States of America

Does a jury need to be instructed in English as well as the language used by the court to instruct the jury in English?


California, United States of America

Does the doctrine of the law of the case preclude a defendant from making a second motion on the statute of limitations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a felony-murder special circumstance?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a reasonable trier of fact could have found defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

When reviewing a court's award of fees for abuse of discretion, how do we review the underlying factual determinations for clear error?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for amici curiae to support plaintiff in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What circumstances are sufficient to justify the arrest of a man and a woman for possession of a firearm?


California, United States of America

Can a claim for breach of a collective agreement be brought in superior court?


Saskatchewan, Canada

How have missed statute cases been dealt with?


California, United States of America

What is the appellant's burden of proving reversible error?


California, United States of America

What is the test for privacy in a motor vehicle?


"New York", United States of America

Can a discretionary power of the trial court be exercised on appeal?


California, United States of America

Does the Owner of a strata lot have standing or standing in a dispute?


British Columbia, Canada

How do courts review an order denying an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to oppose the finding of a judge's misconduct claim at trial?


California, United States of America

Does a driver who makes a right hand turn in violation of section 540 of the California Vehicle Code have a valid claim?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the Federal Aviation Act on arbitration in motor vehicle disputes?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the length of a shotgun with a barrel length of less than 18 inches?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the duty of a trial court to instruct a jury on general principles of law?


California, United States of America

What common law principles apply to a judgment creditor?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of procedure on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in this appeal from a decision of the Prothonotary?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has a "serious" prior felony conviction?


California, United States of America

How have privies been interpreted in the context of issue estoppel?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a plaintiff is a user of a gangway?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test to amend a civil complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a tort claim for negligence?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for an order for special costs?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a plaintiff entitled to a general demurrer to his second amended complaint?


California, United States of America

What is the purpose of a preliminary hearing?


California, United States of America

What constitutes a reasonable fee for a lawyer's services?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of the prosecution of an incorrect witness testimony in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does the prosecution need to prove intent to defraud as an element of section 350 of the Immigration Code?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a self-represented defendant in a criminal case refuse to object when called as a rebuttal witness for the prosecution?


California, United States of America

If a defense counsel made an error on Page 13 in admitting an expert opinion that said the victim could not breathe when she was strangled, can that error be grounds for ineffectiveness?


California, United States of America

Is territorial jurisdiction an issue for the jury in this case?


California, United States of America

Does a stipulation of facts constitute a de facto guilty plea?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How to cross-examine witnesses?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for assessing the sufficiency of the evidence?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to attorney's fees even if they represented themselves?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that a lawyer's trial strategy is deficient?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a juror?


California, United States of America

What is asbestos and what is its impact on human health?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the reasonableness standard of review in judicial review?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a person who enters a building with the intent of committing burglary guilty of burglary?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted section 654 of the Criminal Code when referring to prior convictions?


California, United States of America

Does the design immunity defense apply to a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Does a state have the power to issue subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses and production of documents?


California, United States of America

What is the test for joint custody of a child and what is the impact of the text messages between the parties?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of publishing defamatory words in a libel notice?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Penal Code section 490.2 of the California Penal Code constitute a grand theft offence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficiency of instructions in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Section 6254.9 of the California Code of Civil Procedure ambiguous in its definition of computer software?


California, United States of America

Is a party entitled to attorney's fees in a personal injury proceeding?


California, United States of America

Does expert testimony that usurps the role of the jury in making a decision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of deliberate and premeditated first degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the "neighbour principle" and what is the test for it?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the test for loss of income in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a search warrant obtained by a federal officer on a private search in the context of a film?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing an agreed boundary line?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reviewing the application of section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the federal endangered species classification for the chinook?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing taxable income using the net worth method?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a witness has been convicted of making a false statement?


California, United States of America

What is the presumption that access by a non-custodial parent is in the best interests of the children?


Ontario, Canada

What is the mental health defense and the brain damage defense?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for substantial evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff's claim that adult women are legally inferior beings who can be ordered around like servants?


California, United States of America

What is the limitation period for a plaintiff to sue for damages under the California Motor Vehicle Accident Prevention Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ordering a defense physiatry and orthopaedic assessment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proof for the prosecution in civil cases?


California, United States of America

What is the doctrine in law and what is the effect of keeping an animal in a cage?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a settlement with an insured silent as to any bad faith action constitute a waiver of the insured's right to sue the insurer for unfair claims practices?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a party's intention was intended?


British Columbia, Canada

How have expenses been charged for out-of-town counsel in a civil case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a temporary restraining order to prevent threats or acts of violence against an employee?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a pattern of criminal gang activity?


California, United States of America

What constitutes an implied waiver of rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can the Province add itself as a defendant in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a sentence that would otherwise fit for an otherwise fit custodial sentence unconstitutional because of the offender's disabilities?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a court shift the burden of proof in instruction to the jury on recent, unexplained and exclusive possession of stolen property?


"New York", United States of America

What is the basis for reducing an award for medical malpractice awards?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the double jeopardy clause bar a defendant from seeking a retrial if there is a mistrial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of a probation condition requiring consent to search electronic devices?


California, United States of America

What is a doctor's duty to follow a working diagnosis?


Manitoba, Canada

Does a general plaintiff have the opportunity to proceed with the certification of a motion for personal injury?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the consequences of a court's failure to inform the jury that the prosecution has to prove all elements of all offenses beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's "hard task of judging" in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can an employer penalize an employee or job applicant for refusing to authorize the disclosure of information beyond the limits of a written authorization?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff obtain summary adjudication of his defamation claim because the alleged statements were privileged?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting that a statement made by defendant Diaz-Reyes was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for deliberate indifference in prison health and safety cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for error in section 1111 of the California Criminal Code when a jury found that a defendant could not be convicted on the testimony of an accomplice?


California, United States of America

Does a postjudgment motion for attorney fees compel a different result?


California, United States of America

Is intoxication relevant in a prosecution for murder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 210.5 of the California Civil Code of Civil Procedure apply to a person who has been denied access to a medical malpractice clinic?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor respond in rebuttal to defense counsel's arguments in closing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a demand in a claim against a bank?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a statement was illegally obtained?


California, United States of America

What is the test for habeas corpus relief under section 2254(d) of the AEDPA?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a conviction for sexual assault?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the statute of limitations for sexual assault cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion to withdraw a guilty plea for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors are relevant to a cost determination in a class action?


Ontario, Canada

Does a trial court have discretion to admit evidence of a defendant's prior uncharged offence?


California, United States of America

Is a sentence imposed under section 667.61 of the California Criminal Code requiring that the sentences imposed under that section be served consecutively?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated testimony by a police officer in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Can a court-appointed expert witness in a personal injury matter proceed?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the right to search the interior of a vehicle by opening its door?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for loss of housekeeping capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What are some cases dealing with medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of the personal suitability of a visa officer?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for an ineffective assistance claim based on a conflict of interest?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a suspect have a right to remain silent during questioning?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing malicious prosecution?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for reducing a motor vehicle homicide to a voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Can a party to a medical malpractice action be required to give an expert opinion on matters directly connected with the issues raised at trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the grounds for reconsideration in a workers’s reconsideration application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for damages for loss of housekeeping capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the "plain view" doctrine in the context of drug seizure cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denying an evidentiary hearing for abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for asserting Fifth Amendment privilege in a tax return?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motion to exclude evidence based on an unlawful search and seizure be made below?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assigning an inference in favour of the government in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a motion alleging that they were harassed, intimidated, or discriminated against because of their First Amendment rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code bar multiple convictions?


California, United States of America

Is an expert report on damages admissible in evidence for the purpose of responding to a summary judgment motion?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of sexual abuse on sentencing of a child abuser?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Can a Respondent appeal from the denial of a habeas petition?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence used at trial in a murder case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a plaintiff has been successful in claiming an error de novo resulted in an attempted premeditated murder?


California, United States of America

Does plaintiff have the capacity to pay the costs of expert testimony?


"New York", United States of America

Is a probation condition that prohibits a defendant from associating with a criminal street gang unconstitutional?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court allow a date assignment conference to allow a report to be submitted too late?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What are some cases where a trial court has failed to instruct the jury on an element of the charged offense?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements of issue estoppel?


Manitoba, Canada

On an interim basis, in what circumstances will the status quo be maintained until trial?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a defendant to appeal against her conviction for sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Is excessive speed a factor in determining a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a "prima facie" showing that jurors were being excluded on the basis of racial or group identity?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant's criminal record admissible in a criminal case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining the meaning of legislation in a case of first impression?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a motion to dismiss a cause of action under the anti-SLAPP statute be appealed?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentencing range for a man who pleaded guilty to a charge of assault with intent to pervert the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is provocation sufficient to reduce the crime to second degree murder?


California, United States of America

Is a legislative purpose a license to judge the effectiveness of legislation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the use of a search dog by an off-duty police officer violate qualified immunity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of the Final Rule on physical separation in the context of Title X?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a defendant have the right to cross-examine a testifying informer's name and address?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a jury's verdict in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a driver who fails to yield the right-of-way?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a witness assert self-incrimination de novo?


California, United States of America

How have the courts in the past 10 years dealt with the issue of ONS?


Ontario, Canada

Does the term "law enforcement officer" include parents?


California, United States of America

What is the test for federal habeas corpus relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for having an oral hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What are some examples of a failed abortion case?


British Columbia, Canada

How does the anti-SLAPP statute work?


California, United States of America

What is a defendant's right to discuss with his lawyer during a long recess?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in relation to the prosecution of an alleged terrorist organization?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for criminally negligent homicide?


"New York", United States of America

Does the CFSA s. 50 exception to hearsay rule?


Ontario, Canada

Can a motorist be held liable for the injury of a pedestrian who slipped and fell on ice and was struck by a vehicle while crossing a road?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for maintaining a class action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the range of sentencing under section 667.61 of the California Criminal Code for aggravated kidnapping?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of hindsight analysis when assessing whether an offer to settle was reasonably accepted?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant need to show reasonable diligence to determine whether a plaintiff has filed a similar claim in a related case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring an action for delayed medical diagnosis and treatment?


Ontario, Canada