Can a defendant be convicted of violating section 148(a)(1) of the California Civil Code of Civil Procedure if the jury found a completed violation of section 148 prior to the officers' use of excessive force?

could have been based on the pre-arrest conduct. Thus, that case is of little assistance to resolving the question presented here, where the jury's question indicated it found a completed violation of section 148(a)(1) prior to the officers' use of excessive force. The instructional error in White was the trial court's complete failure to instruct the jury that an officer is not engaged in the performance of his or her duties if he or she makes an arrest with excessive force. The White court did not consider whether the defendant could have been convicted of violating section 148(a)(1) if the jury found that a completed violation preceded any use of excessive force. " "It is axiomatic that language in a judicial opinion is to be understood in accordance with the facts and issues before the court. An opinion is not authority for propositions not considered." [Citations.]" ( People v. Knoller (2007) 41 Cal.4th 139, 154-155, 59 Cal.Rptr.3d 157, 158 P.3d 731.)