The following excerpt is from Lopez v. Onewest Bank (In re Lopez ), Adv. Pro. No. 10-2041, Case No. 09-31366-E-13L, Docket Control No. BH-3 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 2011):
In Younan v. Equifax Inc., 111 Cal. App. 3d 498 (1980), the court rejected a conspiracy claim for constructive fraud alleged to be based on a breach of fiduciary duty owed by a disability insurer. The insurer's agents did not owe the plaintiff a fiduciary duty, and only the insurer itself owed the fiduciary duty. However, the court allowed to stand a claim for conspiracy to commit actual fraud, since even the agents owed a duty to the plaintiff to "abstain from injuring the plaintiff through express misrepresentations, independent of the insurer's implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing."
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