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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


In what circumstances will evidence be admissible in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of review in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for credibility in a criminal trial?


Ontario, Canada

Can a party who has legal or equitable title in real estate that has been sold for unpaid taxes redeem the real estate?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a "mobilia sequuntur personam" in the context of property ownership?


California, United States of America

How does a plaintiff's claim in a civil case proceed when they allege they were sexually assaulted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for multiple punishment under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a jury was instructed to convict a defendant by mistake?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent to bring a motion to relocate?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a maintenance agreement enforceable by the courts?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a murder is in the first degree or the second degree?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a stay of execution under the English application of the forum non conveniens analysis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is liable for an injury caused by negligence?


Ontario, Canada

Can a party who is representing themselves at the Court of Appeal be denied a hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for evaluating expert testimony in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether or not a visa was refused for a "facially legitimate and bona fide" reason?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will the court allow a jury to rehear counsel's argument?


California, United States of America

Does section 189 of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant who discharges a firearm from a motor vehicle?


California, United States of America

Is there any abuse of discretion in denying a leave to amend?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have defense counsel in a sexual assault case argued that a defendant was not under the influence when he was arrested?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a false imprisonment claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admonishing a prosecutor in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an amended contract?


California, United States of America

What is the province's reliance on the fact trailers were hooked up upon delivery?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts treated the issue of judicial review of a motion to appoint a special counsel in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing jurisdiction for a motion for judicial review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of the Queen’s personal injury assessment method?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a motion to suppress?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim that a drunk driver's motive for driving a police car was an "attempt to escape" under section 845.8 of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the testator's mental state when making a will?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with an application for special costs arising from an allegation of fraud?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a statute fair on its face but discriminatory in effect resulting in a denial of equal protection?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing there was no binding agreement?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the current state and federal law on prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

Does the common fund doctrine presuppose that the court has authority to adjudicate the rights and duties of those with interest in the fund?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prosecutor's statement vouching for the credibility of a witness's credibility harmless?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion by defendants seeking to proceed pro se?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the typical ratio between substantial indemnity costs and partialemnity costs?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for making a constructive trust or a monetary award in a claim for unjust enrichment?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of section 1109 of the California Criminal Code on a defendant's criminal disposition?


California, United States of America

Does a judge erred in making a decision to proceed by way of summary trial?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are some cases where a court refused to accept oral testimony?


California, United States of America

Does the mother have any grounds to challenge the findings of the trial judge?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Does the District Court have jurisdiction to hear a class action brought by pretrial detainees who have been restrained without trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that there are no legitimate reasons for retaliation against a prison officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant's claim that the trial court erred by instructing the jury on first degree murder because the information alleged only that the murder of Agent Cross was committed with malice aforethought?


California, United States of America

What are the limitations imposed on a plaintiff’s claim against a university?


Ontario, Canada

When will a jury find that prejudicial juror misconduct invalidated the count 7 verdict?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that identifications are not inherently improbable or factually impossible?


California, United States of America

Does a failure to warn of a gas leak create liability for injury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for relocation under the Divorce Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will defence counsel object to a medical report?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Superior Court of Justice have concurrent jurisdiction with the Federal Court to hear a habeas corpus application?


British Columbia, Canada

What relationship exists where there may be between a defendant and a minor?


Ontario, Canada

Does a court erred in excluding an expert's testimony regarding a plaintiff's state of mind?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining who bears the onus of proof in a civil case?


British Columbia, Canada

On what basis can a jury award punitive damages for failing to comply with the provisions of section 3294 of the Civil Code?


California, United States of America

Can structural defects be considered a fundamental breach of contract?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When a parole officer requests a search for drugs under the supervision of an informant, is it proper for the parole officer to initiate the search?


California, United States of America

Is a police officer not engaged in an emergency operation when he looks down for purposes of locating a vehicle located in front of his vehicle?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for making a claim on appeal against the findings of a jury in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Does a prisoner have a constitutional right to attend an administrative appeal or grievance proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining the restitution amount ordered in a civil case?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the terms 'maintaining' or 'opening' in reference to narcotics cases?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate sentence for a first offender who fired a prohibited handgun on a city street?


Ontario, Canada

Can a referee be appointed to adjudicate on the merits of a habeas corpus petition?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a personal injury award in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant convicted of a street terrorism offence in Ferraez v. Herrera?


California, United States of America

Does the fear of being impeached prevent a defendant from testifying?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficiency of evidence in a motion to overturn a finding that the evidence was inadequate?


California, United States of America

What is the test for independent review of an interview where a confession is recorded and the facts surrounding the confession are undisputed?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a shooting was committed in association with a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal conviction for a prior RICO offence be used as a predicate act in a subsequent RICO case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the record of a transaction proof of the contents of the transaction?


Ontario, Canada

Can a corporate officer be held liable for criminal negligence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is sufficient to sustain a conviction for assault?


California, United States of America

What are the constitutional standards for suppression of evidence obtained from police searches and seizures?


California, United States of America

Does the Fifth Amendment privilege apply to a defendant in a civil trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated the case of appellant in the context of the Three Strikes scheme?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a statement of decision on a petition?


California, United States of America

What is the test for malicious prosecution?


Ontario, Canada

Does the Attorney General have the authority to instruct a jury to consider the evidence for propensity purposes?


California, United States of America

Is a sentence de novo valid in a criminal case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring a claim for delay in accrual of his cause of action to overcome the statute of limitations?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to request amplification of the language of a statute defining a crime or defense?


California, United States of America

If a warrantless arrest of appellant violates People v. Ramey, would the invalidation of the search warrant and suppression of evidence?


California, United States of America

Does Rule 18(14) relating to formal Offers to Settle apply to quantum of costs in a personal injury action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a valid settlement?


Ontario, Canada

Is the good faith rule an exception to the warrant requirement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for insufficiency of evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a state force a suspect to give evidence against himself under the Fifth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for disclosing substantial evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of judicial discretion in sentencing cases?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the argument that the defense does not have access to the defence's testimony?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can events arising from a prior action be the foundation for a new action?


Alberta, Canada

When will a motion to sever for abuse of discretion be denied?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing material facts in a defence?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the effect of not being present during a jury trial of a defendant in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a covenant that prohibits non-members of a club from occupying the premises of the club only if they have special permission?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for equal protection in the context of criminal convictions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for triggering a full recovery cost under R. 18(14)?


Ontario, Canada

Can an illiterate person who signs a document even though he does not understand the meaning of the document?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining the amount of damage caused to a property by an increase in the flow of a river?


California, United States of America

How is the Craven Rule applied in motion to dismiss counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for possession of helium?


"New York", United States of America

Does the Fifth Amendment require suppression of a custodial statement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the reasons for the finding of J.C. not guilty?


Ontario, Canada

Can a person be convicted of more than one crime arising out of the same act or course of conduct?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have to argue that a defendant's invocation was only a qualified one?


California, United States of America

What are the factors set out in Farden Farden for support purposes?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts in the United States dealt with the issue of disclosure of confidential information on a Motion for Personal Information Protection?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for delegating power from a legislative body to a minority of its members?


British Columbia, Canada

What factors will be considered in assessing the value of a person's lost or impaired asset?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the best interest of the children of a psychological parent?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the phrase "any loss payable" in the offset clause of a life insurance policy?


California, United States of America

Does the concurrent sentence rule apply to an attack on the jury verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a subpoena be used to obtain personal information of a grand jury panel member?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to obtain a certificate of probable cause to challenge a guilty or no contest plea?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal from the judgment of a nonjury trial that resulted in their convictions of the crime of burglary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for foreseeability in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the role of a judge at an extradition hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the cumulative effect of all the evidence in a motion for an unlawful agreement?


British Columbia, Canada

What constitutes a "seize" under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

In a sexual assault case, in what circumstances is substantial evidence supporting a jury's determination of guilt?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant can plead guilty to a lesser charge of sexual assault?


California, United States of America

Can a juror give evidence of a statement made to a jury that may have been made to the jury during deliberations?


California, United States of America

What is the defense argument that the prosecution suppressed material evidence that might have been favorable to the defense?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 27706(a) of the California Criminal Code on the appointment of a public defender to defend a defendant in an appeal from a misdemeanor conviction?


California, United States of America

Can a post-judgment motion to modify a restitution order be appealed?


California, United States of America

Can the Attorney General request judicial notice of the entire record in a prior appeal to this court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a federal judge to approve an administrative determination of gang membership?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the "mailbox rule" used to calculate tolling of the statute of limitations under AEDPA?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the adjudicator considered the applicability of Rylands v Fletcher?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Is a defendant abused his position as a witness at his violation of probation hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective representation of a trial attorney?


California, United States of America

What is the relevant case law on accessory to murder?


California, United States of America

Does the changed circumstance rule apply in this case?


California, United States of America

Can an oral agreement or representation be used to establish a collateral agreement?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the balance of convenience between a plaintiff and the respondent in a personal injury case?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for an order of restitution in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated the confession of a man who has pleaded guilty to a charge of assault?


California, United States of America

When a defendant has been convicted of a charge of attempted murder under section 1170.1 of the California Criminal Code, can the Court modify the sentence to include a spousal rape conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the use of search and seizure warrants in civil cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admissibility of a video containing instructions for making explosive devices?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim in a pro se proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is section 6547 of the California Code of Civil Procedure sufficient to prevent multiple punishments for a single act or indivisible course of conduct?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of liability for a public carrier in cases of injury or accident sustained by a passenger?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the prejudice inherent in admitting a defendant's prior conviction for possession of heroin in prison?


California, United States of America

What is the test for in camera review of a police officer's personnel records?


California, United States of America

What are the principles to apply in a motion to extend the time for service in a claim?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a criminal act was a natural and probable consequence of another criminal act aided and abetted by a defendant?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for making an unmeritorious motion to exclude from a petition?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a court to exercise discretion in deciding whether or not to intervene in a civil matter?


British Columbia, Canada

What are some of the leading authority on mobility cases?


Ontario, Canada

Is a prosecutor who uses deceptive or reprehensible methods to persuade the jury has committed misconduct?


California, United States of America

Is a state trial judge entitled to a presumption of correctness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of a defendant challenging a conviction based upon insufficiency of the evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for negligence in a spider rope case?


Ontario, Canada

Can a trial court judge preside over post-conviction proceedings?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a trial court's responsibility to ensure that a defendant's right to counsel is fully protected?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing convictions for assault with a firearm committed during a residential burglary?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant waive their right to appeal their criminal conviction as a result of a negotiated plea agreement?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a confidential personnel record in the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

If the government makes a Rule 414 argument in the federal court, what analysis will be required?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a divorce on the custody of the children?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing jurisdiction simpliciter?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a government of laws?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a failure of instruction to require a jury to produce written findings by the jury regarding the aggravating factors found and considered in returning a death sentence violate a defendant's constitutional right to meaningful appellate review?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of new legislation on the interpretation and application of the new legislation?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to overturn a conviction of carrying a weapon under section 924(c)(1) of the Criminal Code?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does an accomplice have to be convicted of a charge under the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of a court's decision to reinstate probation or sentence a defendant to prison for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What is a "strike" for a criminal offence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for recovery for economic hardship arising from the breakdown of a marriage?


Ontario, Canada

Does discovery not reveal whether this conduct occurred within or without the statute of limitations?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a defendant's right to retain counsel of his own?


California, United States of America

What is the net worth audit and what is the impact of it?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a preliminary hearing be directed to the sufficiency of evidence to establish probable cause?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss for prejudicial prearrest delay?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant inflicted great bodily injury on an accomplice who did not personally inflict the injury?


California, United States of America

What are some inconsistencies in the evidence of a child?


Ontario, Canada

Does the failure to mention that identification other than by serial number constitute an omission as to potentially applicable law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that the Fly Boys were a criminal street gang?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the purpose of a family law contract?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the characteristics of a fiduciary obligation?


British Columbia, Canada

How do we balance the probative value of evidence against prejudicial effect on the defense?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of counsel conceding second degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the presumption that the occupier of the land intended to use the land without paying compensation to the owner?


Ontario, Canada

Is a tenant entitled to lawyer fees and client costs if the assignee of a tenant defends the tenant in an action brought by the landlord?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is there any case law where a defense attorney failed to consult with a fingerprint expert before trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a criminal defendant to challenge his conviction on appeal for insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overruling an evidentiary objection?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a will has been established that the propounder has knowledge and approval?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the statute of limitations in a case at bar?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for a claim of error in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

Does the Owner of a strata have to pay the costs of remedying a contravention of the Statutory Bylaw?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of food particles lodged in the windpipe of an insured who vomites during surgery?


Alberta, Canada

What is the duty of an appellant to provide a fair summary of evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America