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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


How have courts interpreted the law in the context of a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does a loss in long-term employment constitute a material change in circumstances for spousal support?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant has not appeared before a jury to give a verdict?


California, United States of America

Does the appointment of a receiver in an equitable receivership constitute an abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a breach of human rights has been committed in a civil case?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a reversal of a finding of reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Is a restaurant owner entitled to a sidewalk in front of their restaurant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against his conviction for aggravated assault on an assault charge in the Superior Court of Appeal?


California, United States of America

Can a municipality be held liable for gross negligence for failing to respond to a citizen’s warning that children were slipping on icy sidewalks?


Ontario, Canada

What is the state of the law in BC when it comes to the defence of an insured who rejects a reasonable offer from the insured?


British Columbia, Canada

In a personal injury action against a co-respondent, what is the test for damages?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for adverse possession of land?


California, United States of America

Can a panel member testify on the issue of competency?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does an employer need to have a "special mission" present when an employee gives a colleague a ride home?


California, United States of America

Is a physician required to meet a standard of perfection?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an appeal against a finding of guilty on two counts of sexual assault?


Alberta, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of personal injury cases?


Ontario, Canada

What is the role of a professional lawyer in a criminal trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a prosecutor challenge a defendant's assertion that the justice system is unfair?


California, United States of America

Can a three-judge panel reconsider or overrule a previous decision?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with default in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a trial court prohibited defense counsel from referencing the prosecution of O.J. Simpson and the Menendez brothers?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the rule of other jurisdictions on employee waivers?


California, United States of America

When a jury deadlock in a civil case, can the trial court declare a mistrial?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be convicted of second-degree murder for driving too fast through a double yellow line?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for appointing a guardian ad litem in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is there a difference between a trial judge and an appellate judge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant on the theory they hired others to kill?


California, United States of America

What is a plaintiff's responsibility to move the case towards disposition at a reasonable pace?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is Section 29800 of the Federal Criminal Code section 29800 a constitutional violation of the Second Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a representation and a warranty?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for proving that a defendant was driving while intoxicated?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a Secretary of State's statutory interpretation of a federal statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of post-conviction court records on a motion to dismiss?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal duty of a plaintiff in a claim for damages arising out of negligence?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to counsel of his own choosing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a reasonable basis for a state court to deny relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a strike for failing to state a claim due to time-barred claims considered a strike?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the preservation rule apply to a defendant's Boykin Right to withdraw his plea?


"New York", United States of America

Does the hearsay rule need to be reviewed by the courts?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a mortgagee in possession of a property be liable for loss of property due to negligence?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for setting aside a verdict in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is possession of a large quantity of heroin sufficient to support the inference of knowing possession?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is strict liability for medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

Is the jury instructed on two theories of second degree murder?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of pleading in a civil case for alleging "averments of fraud" in Rule 9(b)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is section 1201 of the Criminal Code of Nova Scotia invalid as to a convicted violent offender?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a plaintiff rely on equitable tolling if they were served with default judgment before the class action commenced?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of prior criminal convictions on a defendant's criminal history category?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the penalty for misconduct by a Paralegal?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motorcyclist to be found guilty of driving under the influence of alcohol?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court order a retroactive increase in the amount of child support payments when the child is with the father?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proving error at appeal?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of unlawful possession?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a "decision" or "choice" by an employee with final policymaking authority?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the intermediate standard of review apply to discrimination on the basis of viewpoint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the proper standard of review in the judicial review process?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion to remand a case in the Superior Court of Justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Court have any authority or authority to dismiss an appeal by property owners who have failed to set the one-month deadline for setting the appeal for hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts treated a complaint that is frivolous under section 1915(d)?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How is child support calculation calculated for the purposes of Guidelines?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be held liable in nuisance for failing to top a tree?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the causal connection between a change in circumstances after and the marriage?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for imperfect self-defense?


California, United States of America

Can an individual who was deprived of a federal right by a person acting under color of state law seek compensation in federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be denied medical treatment by the first responders?


California, United States of America

How has section 654 of the Penal Code been applied in the context of section 12021 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting internet-based evidence at a hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the parol evidence rule apply in a divorce case?


federal, United States of America

What are the grounds of appeal in the context of Marvco?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a motion to dismiss a petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a danger in the use of stare decisis in determining gross-up percentage?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the effect of speaking to police after being advised to do so?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a party has been manipulative and dishonest in its dealings with another party?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for using a capital asset approach?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a prisoner to bring a motion to challenge his sentence or conditions of confinement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When a defendant challenges the voluntariness of a confession on appeal, how do we review the findings of the trial court?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General of Ontario argue that "injuries that constitute serious bodily injury usually also constitute great bodily injury"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the going and coming rule for an employee who is involved in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting or excluding evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of duress in a family law case?


Ontario, Canada

Is there an argument of inevitability of loss?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does a search warrant need to include a searchable device?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will an attorney be able to sue for wrongful discharge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a jury verdict in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts treated a motion to revoke a defendant's probation?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will an indictment be dismissed on the grounds that the underlying statute is unconstitutional?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the principles of a manufacturer been interpreted in the context of a boat case in which a boat was specifically manufactured to American standards?


British Columbia, Canada

In a criminal prosecution, can a defendant "open the door" to cross-examination by presenting potentially misleading testimony?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the burden of proving excessive force against defendant DeLaughder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is extreme emotional disturbance a defense to depraved indifference murder?


"New York", United States of America

Can a jury trial be used in a civil action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of the Conveyancing Act, 1881, on a plaintiff's ability to obtain relief against forfeiture?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the standard of conduct of counsel in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using the word "state" in relation to the meaning of "state of the art"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding of insufficient evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court of Appeal in South Africa order that the beneficiaries of a disability benefit be considered to be beneficiaries of the disability benefits scheme?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admissible evidence of the intentions of the contracting parties?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a domicile pursuant to common law?


Ontario, Canada

If a trial judge's finding of credibility is to depend solely on which person he thinks made the better appearance of sincerity in the witness box, what is the test for credibility?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing liability on a negligence theory?


California, United States of America

Is a negligent failure to perform a laboratory test immune as an exercise of professional judgment pursuant to section 820.2?


California, United States of America

Is an arbitration agreement enforceable on a "take-it or leave-it" basis?


California, United States of America

Can a motion for a new trial for abuse be denied?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable to a decision of review on a pure question of fact such as whether a marriage is bona fide?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the principles of liability arising from Day?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a reduction in income due to retirement be a material change?


British Columbia, Canada

Does post-incident drug abuse interfere with recovery?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between duty of care and standard of care?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for the meaning of a rule that bars a person from entering into a marriage where the husband is married and the wife is married?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim under section 1983 of the Federal Civil Rights Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of the hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of conduct in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements of fraud in the context of a tort action for deceit?


California, United States of America

What is the argument that counsel failed to meet the standard to be expected of a reasonably competent attorney?


California, United States of America

Is a lesser included offense of robbery a less included crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing findings of facts in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a finding that a defendant possessed a firearm during the commission of a narcotics crime offense for the purposes of a conspiracy to manufacture and supply a firearm for the purpose of carrying out the crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is unconsciousness a defense in general intent crime?


California, United States of America

Are there any facts supporting law or evidence supporting law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer obtain consent to search a defendant's identification?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in the context of a restitution order?


California, United States of America

What factors will the court consider in denying a motion to suppress an involuntary confession?


California, United States of America

What is considered substantial success in the context of international arbitration?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a defendant have to plead a former adjudication as a defense in an action to establish paternity and obtain support?


California, United States of America

Does the revocation of a conditional discharge constitute a violation of the Double Jeopardy Clause?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes prosecutorial misconduct in the context of the Fourteenth Amendment?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code include a gang-related street terrorism charge?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of instructing the jury to simply "simply determine under the relevant evidence" in a jury trial?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted jury instructions in civil cases?


California, United States of America

What is the real and basic change brought about by the amended s. 11(1) limitation period?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What were the positive and negative factors used to determine whether appellant committed the offence to which he pled no contest?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for deprivation of a plaintiff's right to a hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes multiple levels of hearsay in a medical report?


California, United States of America

What is the liability of a construction contractor for failing to provide adequate safety equipment to a construction worker?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is trespass actionable without proof of actual damage?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the court exclude evidence that the complaining witness was a prostitute?


California, United States of America

Does a jury have to agree that there was a conspiracy between two defendants against each other in the same conspiracy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the primary assumption of risk defense apply here?


California, United States of America

What is the common law remedy of damages for failure to provide specific performance?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the argument that the instructions to the jury on rape of an intoxicated woman were prejudicially incomplete and misleading?


California, United States of America

What is the current burden of proof under Proposition 47 of the California Supreme Court?


California, United States of America

On what grounds can a judge refuse to grant a conditional discharge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a gift?


Ontario, Canada

What is the relevant section of the Queen’s Speech to the Court of Appeal and what is the effect of this section?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for a declaration against interest exception to the hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated objections to paragraphs in the affidavits of the father in a custody/access matter?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for a person who causes serious emotional distress in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

Is there sufficient evidence to support a claim of force, violence, duress, or fear?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a second level appeal?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for setting aside an order of attorney fees?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the US Supreme Court strike down a draft section of the R.S.W.D.C.A.R.A(1) of the Civil Rights Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting the argument that access as a separate juridical concept from statute?


Manitoba, Canada

Can a defendant appeal from an order granting probation?


California, United States of America

Does the Minister of Justice have a basis to refuse surrender to surrender on the grounds that extradition to the United States is a violation of section 6(1) of the Charter of Charter Rights?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for damages for units damaged by contaminated diesel fuel?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the scope of the power of a master arbitrator to review factual and procedural issues?


"New York", United States of America

Is a decision not to dismiss a grand jury indictment where there is alleged prosecutorial misconduct to be reviewed de novo?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the possession of a class A drug?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for forfeited but reversible error in the Rule of Criminal Procedure?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the use of a trained canine at Fort Lauderdale Airport constitute an illegal search?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on racketeering and collection of unlawful debt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In a construction contract where portions of the completed work are defective, what is the test for assessing damages?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing probable cause in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Can a federal court impose sanctions against a defendant for improper conduct during litigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any evidence that the seatbelt assembly was functioning?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Court of Appeal have the power to overturn a conviction for sexual assault on the grounds that the trial court improperly instructed the jury to consider the issue of venue?


California, United States of America

Can a motion for a new trial be brought against counsel for ineffective assistance?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a claimant is "not disabled" under section 5 of the Ontario Disability Guidelines?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can the full amount bill for past medical treatment be introduced as evidence of the reasonable cost of future medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will attorney's fees be deducted from the amount in controversy for removal under the diversity jurisdiction statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for damages arising from the occupation and use of certain lands as a gas service station from 1985 to 1997?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a plaintiff have to establish that negligence was not the sole cause of injury?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Section 352 of the California Code of Civil Procedure apply to a defendant's evidence of self-defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a person is liable for sexual assault?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does the statute of limitations apply to a breach of contract claim?


California, United States of America

What are the principles of fiduciary duties in the context of a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for having a jury of 12 or more in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for apportioning workers' compensation for injuries to the same part of the body that have become permanent?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have a constitutional right to present a defense in the absence of an expert opinion?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted a jury waiver?


California, United States of America

What is sufficient evidence to convict a defendant for a total of 10 crimes?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a trust in a commercial transaction?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the Court uphold a judgment against a landlord for breach of the implied warranty of habitability?


California, United States of America

Does a grievor have the burden of proving that the collective agreement was breached?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In a status review hearing, what is the test for assuming that the original order is correct?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a party has jurisdiction in the federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a jury required to unanimously acquit a defendant of a lesser included offence before considering whether to consider the lesser included offense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing robbery?


California, United States of America

What is the test of putting the "best foot forward" in a motion to dismiss child support claims?


Ontario, Canada

Is a serious felony conviction described by section 1192.7, subdivision 23 of the California Criminal Code a "serious felony" and arising out of a crime committed before the effective date of Proposition 8?


California, United States of America

What are the options for plaintiff to proceed on the Eighth Amendment claims?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff has a reasonable job search?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for calculating an assessment for loss of income from a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing substantive due process in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for obtaining a writ of certiorari?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When will a judge grant a motion to strike evidence in a bench trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to proceed with a claim against a religious organization?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code require a jury to agree on at least one of the numerous acts of identity theft, intercepting electronic communications and threatening or annoying telephone calls?


California, United States of America