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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for instructing a sua sponte on a self-defense defense?


California, United States of America

What are the requirements for a valid donatio mortis causa?


Alberta, Canada

What are the legal costs for a successful litigant in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of a court's decision to deny leave to amend for abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff must prove that there is a substantial possibility of a future event leading to income loss?


British Columbia, Canada

Does section 206 of the California Constitution restrict the service of a juror resident in an outlying district to that district?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to have two prior criminal convictions?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a chartered accountant’s working papers?


Ontario, Canada

Is it proper for a defendant to flee from the scene of a crime where there is evidence that they were conscious of guilt?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the One Strike sentencing scheme on an allegation of sexual assault made pursuant to Section 667.61(m) of the Penal Code?


California, United States of America

Under what circumstances can a police officer search a vehicle incident to a recent occupant's arrest?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on gang related crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a charge of possession of marijuana for sale?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate amount of income imputed to the child of a deceased father?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a doctor be found to have performed an improper abortion on a 16-year-old girl?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the master calendar judge rule on an audio recording of a defendant pleading guilty?


California, United States of America

Can the prosecution make out the counts of attempted murder on the basis of transferred intent?


Ontario, Canada

Can a court order a parent or grandparent to pay for expenses related to visitation?


California, United States of America

What efforts might have been made by the prosecution to produce the witness after her absence became known?


California, United States of America

What is the test to determine whether a search warrant can be used to seize a person's phone?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the "touchstone" of the court's inquiry in interpreting a statute?


California, United States of America

How has the sentence for arson been reduced on appeal?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What are the elements of a civil fraud case?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements of common law that have never been incorporated into the common law?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with allegations of misappropriation of funds from a pooled trust account?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant subject to physical restraint only upon a finding of manifest need?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a 1995 policy directive on personal suitability for a visa application?


Canada (Federal), Canada

In what circumstances has the defense of laches been recognized?


California, United States of America

Does Section 654, subd. 654 of the California Code of Civil Procedure apply to punish for a single act of gross negligence?


California, United States of America

What are the reasons of an order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law regarding the retention of a prisoner in administrative segregation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a refusal-to-renew hearing necessary in a refusal to renew a disability benefits application?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can relevant evidence be excluded from a jury trial?


California, United States of America

What is the leading case on causation in Canadian law?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a judge strike a criminal conviction for a prior felony conviction under section 1385(a) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

How is a "cause of action" determined under res judicata?


California, United States of America

Is a conviction for sexual assault admissible?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of section 1194 of the California Labor Code on a plaintiff's ability to sue for attorney fees?


California, United States of America

Can an assessor be appointed in a custody and access matter?


Ontario, Canada

What is the meaning of spoliation?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the mandatory term “shall” apply to corollary relief actions in divorce actions?


Alberta, Canada

What is the limitation period for a search and seizure action against a federal officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prior conviction for assault admissible?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sustaining a finding that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant was responsible for causing the death of a pedestrian by careless driving?


California, United States of America

If the limiting instruction is completely effective, what is the test for determining whether a defendant had a motive to commit the crime?


California, United States of America

Does a minor have to specifically identify himself as a member of a criminal gang?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the evidence at trial is sufficient to establish a violation of the Sexual Harassment Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion alleging ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated a Page 21 supplemental pleading in a personal injury action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will an arbitration panel award damages for misrepresentation on a medical malpractice claim?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court allow a defendant to appeal against his conviction for possession of a firearm and possession of an unregistered firearm pursuant to section 186.22(b)(1) of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

If an individual lives and works in a country where thousands of people are victims of crimes against humanity and where one hears about it, would one have knowledge of what was taking place?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a liability insurer permitted to assume and conduct a defense of an action brought against the insured on the basis of forfeiture or noncoverage?


California, United States of America

What is the test for discharging a juror from a jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to dismiss a jury verdict?


California, United States of America

Does the definition of a definition of an "unemployed" need to be delegationed to the Secretary of State for Employment and Learning?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for damages for intruding into a person's privacy?


Ontario, Canada

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code prohibit multiple punishment of a single offence for a single crime?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate civil penalty for securities fraud in a civil proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have to split a cause of action by filing multiple lawsuits based on the same primary right?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to convict a defendant of second degree manslaughter?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury not award excessive damages in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a review of income for support purposes?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a warrantless inspection of a commercial premises unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for using force that is not reasonable in self-defence?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for standing in a judicial review?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a clinical issue is not needed for an assessment?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a defendant's DNA evidence has been mischaracterized or exaggerated?


"New York", United States of America

Can a landowner raise the third party defense in a claim for wrongful dismissal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for suing for specific performance of a contract?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts considered jury instructions in a personal injury case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for assessing the credibility of a witness in a sexual assault case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the difference between legislative standards and industry practice?


Ontario, Canada

What is the duty of a respondent to accommodate an accommodation seeker?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances can a lawyer withdraw from a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for adequate representation in a class action?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Attorney General accept that a conviction of assault by a prisoner was invalid?


California, United States of America

In a sexual assault case, what is the test for a jury to convict defendant of rape and aggravated kidnapping?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a strata has met reasonable expectations under a plan BCS?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the argument that access as a separate juridical concept from statute?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for equal treatment under the Charter of Rights?


Ontario, Canada

What are the elements of proof required for an extended commitment?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of treatment for a plaintiff who is injured in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a search warrant that authorizes a warrant to search a home for illegal weapons?


"New York", United States of America

How have courts interpreted the constitution in the context of voting rights issues?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an evidentiary privilege recognized to be a special defense under Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

What rights does an administrative and managerial employee have?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting a motion for review on the basis of a due process violation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for applying a de novo review to the question of whether a transaction was usurious?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review for a suppression ruling?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a finding that a minor has waived his right against compelled self-incrimination pursuant to the Fifth Amendment?


California, United States of America

Is there a reasonable probability that the defense would have disclosed impeached impeached or impeached evidence to the defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a reversal of a finding of insufficient evidence?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of the Court of Appeal on appeal against the conviction and sentence of a defendant for making false statements under Miranda?


California, United States of America

What is the test for loss of earning capacity in a personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of a stay of execution on a restructuring plan under the CCAA?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the evidence presented to the jury in a sexual assault trial?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant's counsel argue that there are no arguable issues on appeal?


California, United States of America

What rights does a prisoner have when he is transferred to maximum security?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

Does the late discoveryability of a complaint under s. 22 of the B.C. Code of Civil Procedure prevent the running of the time limit in s.22 of the Motor Vehicle Accident Complaint Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on mobility issues in Canada?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Can a defendant confront the prosecution's witnesses?


California, United States of America

Does a franchise agreement with a distributor constitute a "special relationship" between the parties?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of the majority opinion in the Supreme Court of Appeal on the limitation of defense counsel's closing arguments?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a probation condition requiring a defendant to refrain from associating with any known gang members or associates of any gang, with the exception of immediate family members, valid?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for judicial review of a judge's "unfettered exercise of his unfettered" power?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Is a Voth Order appropriate for a plaintiff in her personal injury action?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with a motion for reconsideration under section 1008 of the Government Claims Act?


California, United States of America

Does Section 654 of the California Criminal Code allow for a concurrent or consecutive sentence for an act or omission that is punishable by different provisions of the law?


California, United States of America

What factors will the courts consider in deciding whether to grant summary trial rather than a conventional trial?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there a presumption of negligence per se against a police officer who has not been sued for negligence under the Ontario Police Act?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in the context of a search warrant issued by the US Department of Justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What jurisdiction exists to hear an interlocutory appeal of a motion to dismiss on the ground of double jeopardy?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there insufficient evidence to support a defendant's conviction of possession of narcotics for sale?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a court's power to increase a defendant's sentence based on a prior conviction?


California, United States of America

Does a mistake in failing to instruct the jury that a defendant's memory in recounting events may have been impaired by intoxication affect his substantial rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a plaintiff has been found liable or liable in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Does a challenge to jurisdiction need to be deemed jurisdictional for the purpose of demurrer?


California, United States of America

What are the obligations of a public servant to be critical of the government?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a witness have access to their prior statements?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion to dismiss an allegation under the Three Strikes law for an abuse of the law?


California, United States of America

Does Rule 57.02(4)(c) of the Newfoundland Rules apply?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for freedom of speech under the First Amendment?


California, United States of America

How have courts applied the term "lawyer’s approval" in a contract?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for making a statement under the spontaneous declaration exception?


California, United States of America

Does section 245 of the California Criminal Code apply to a charge of assault with a deadly weapon?


California, United States of America

What is the test for setting aside a partnership agreement?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts treated the issue of wilfullness in a motion for a speedy trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a jury to determine whether a defendant acted with the proper mental state?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law or case law relating to the application for an interim discharge of an applicant who has a Canadian-born child?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can the jury disregard the testimony of two police officers in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What constitutes sexual intimacy between a doctor and his patient?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Attorney General have authority to instruct that a witness who has made incriminating statements be an accomplice as a matter of law?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for admitting new evidence in a personal injury case?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

What is the test for an agreement between a person and another?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on appeal and judicial review?


Ontario, Canada

Does a police officer who brandishes a shotgun while making an arrest owe a duty of care to a fellow officer who was shot and injured by the shotgun?


California, United States of America

What is the analysis under section 1170.12, subdivision 654.12 of the Penal Code (a)(6) of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing an in forma pauperis complaint that fails to state a claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a reasonable doubt definition permissible but not necessarily required?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a police agent entrap a defendant into committing a crime?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff make a claim for equitable indemnity against the original defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a valid search warrant valid for the possession of marihuana under cultivation in a barn?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of a wrong answer in a jury trial?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the appropriate penalty for a breach of the Law Society of Upper Canada?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the Supreme Court refuse to hear a petition for a writ of certiorari?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for proving a defendant has met its burden of showing that a cause of action has no merit?


California, United States of America

What is the test for "abuse of discretion"?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that a future care cost is medically necessary?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a federal district court's decision to reduce a sentence under section 3582(c)(1) of the Criminal Code an abuse of discretion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining that a testator understood the nature and effect of making a will?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Section 1054.3(b) of the Mental Health Act restrict the prosecution's access to materials derived from mental health examinations conducted under section 1054 of the Act, which were obtained from a mental health clinic?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the issue of a search and seizure warrant?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to claim exemplary damages?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for proving a claim?


Nova Scotia, Canada

Does a notice of appeal constitute a request for a certificate of probable cause?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of a district judge's decision to depart from the guidelines for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages for a plaintiff in a motor vehicle accident case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a motion to vacate all but one of the remaining counts of sexual assault?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court reporter be ordered to produce transcripts for the use of the judge without charge?


California, United States of America

What factors will be considered by the courts in entering a default judgment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a no contest plea in a nonviolent drug possession case?


California, United States of America

What are the principles that apply to assessing loss of future earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding of negligent misrepresentation?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a grand jury investigation a judicial proceeding?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the difference between a salary recommendation based on a percentage or ratio of the salary level of another court?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the definition of “cohabitation” and what is the effect of it?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Does a post-judgment protective order need to be issued?


California, United States of America

In an action for breach of the Lemon Law Act, is a plaintiff entitled to damages for emotional distress?


California, United States of America

Is it in the public interest to have two separate civil proceedings at the same time?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the grounds for reconsideration in this case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing intent to distribute a large quantity of drugs?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have to sue an at-fault driver for an uninsured motor vehicle claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for informing a claimant of their appeal rights?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing that events or acts have been "indisputably" committed?


California, United States of America

What is the state of the law on environmental conditions in prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prosecutor misconduct if they attacks the integrity of defense counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the test for credibility of a psychologist's testimony in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review in a section 1538.5 hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a union to meet the standard of good faith in representing employees?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Can a judge or prosecutor be held liable for misstatements to a witness about the potential perjury prosecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a "moral or social duty" and what is the test for such a duty?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for making an argument in pro. per?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to sue for medical malpractice?


California, United States of America

What is the onus of proof in a Charter challenge?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

In what circumstances will the court allow discovery of police personnel records?


California, United States of America

Does the BCSC have discretion to award costs to unsuccessful parties?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing a cognizable cognizable claim against White?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is deterrence the primary factor in determining whether an offender should be convicted of assault?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a statement made by a police officer on a body cam recording admissible as a public employee record?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is voluntary manslaughter and what is the definition of voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a spoliator has been responsible for the spoliating of a child?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for applying the Eighth Amendment standard to a claim made by a civil detainee under the Fourteenth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts treated an ex-parte application to allow appellant to be heard telephonically?


California, United States of America

Does a pedestrian have a legal obligation to look back or look behind to see if they are in danger of being struck or run down by a vehicle from the rear?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of a review of the record for potential error?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant obtain juror contact information to preserve a claim of prosecutorial misconduct for appeal?


California, United States of America