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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does the negative covenant principle apply in Canadian law?


Ontario, Canada

Can a prosecutor make an improper vouching statement when referring to a witness's testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing an indictment based on the existence of an informant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the police have an obligation to inform the youth of the presence of a parent in the midst of taking a statement from the youth?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff is entitled to succeed in his claim against a bank?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for making coverage exceptions and limitations in an insurance policy?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an order modifying the murder verdicts with instructions to reconsider and rule on a new trial motion?


California, United States of America

Can a Minister bring an application to set aside an action where the pleadings are noted closed or a note of default is entered?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of conduct for an attorney to be found guilty of misappropriating client funds?


California, United States of America

When a party to litigation is enjoined from doing something by a judge, can they proceed with an appeal against the injunction?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for making a Miranda waiver voluntary?


California, United States of America

What is the test for creating a cause of action in the context of Section 1983 of the Constitution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is child support payable as a lump sum or periodic payment?


Alberta, Canada

What is the state of the law on the credibility of witnesses in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

Is a finding of bad faith a condition precedent to full recovery of costs under the Family Law Rules?


Ontario, Canada

What is the consequence of the failure to disclose relevant information in a police officer's personnel file?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a conviction for prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for care, guardianship and companionship in the context of a young child's loss of a parent?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a judge have to consider a threshold motion before or after the jury's verdict?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence of a prior murder conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review and what is the position of the parties?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the legal test for a motion to stay a motion for a new trial?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the relevant factors to consider for an in-trust claim?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an express grant of right of way be made in a deed?


Ontario, Canada

Is a judgment for the full amount of a loan that was fraudulently induced consistent with the other two causes of action consistent?


California, United States of America

Can an immunized witness testify before a grand jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a mareva injunction need to be interpreted in context of the transfer of assets?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a proposed defendant have to pay for damages in a case where no valid cause of action is made out as against him?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for denying a motion for mistrial?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted a search warrant to search for documentary evidence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the duty of a court to ensure that a witness is fully advised of their Fifth Amendment rights?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the presumption of death of a person who has been missing for 7 years?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law in the United States when it comes to declaratory litigation?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law in which a defendant was successful in admitting evidence that prejudicial testimony from a prosecution expert was prejudicial?


California, United States of America

How has the court dealt with a prosecutor's motion to exclude only a minority of non-whites from a jury?


California, United States of America

How has the court treated the issue of identity as a separate crime?


California, United States of America

What is the onus and standard of proof applicable to certification applications?


British Columbia, Canada

Can provocation constitute contributory negligence in a tort action for assault?


Alberta, Canada

What is the effect of a spouse’s argument that the value of their property is to be divided according to the value it retains at the time of trial?


Alberta, Canada

How has the US Federal Bureau of Investigation assessed the credibility of a witness in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a fiduciary relationship between a director of a private equity company and the director of the company?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a petition for review timely filed?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for ordering a state prisoner to reimburse his or her attorney?


California, United States of America

What are the elements necessary to convict an individual under the aiding and abetting theory?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for deliberate, deliberate or even deliberate action in an assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence supporting the finding of a client's failure to seek independent counsel in relation to an investment in an investment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for granting a certificate of pending litigation?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will a court award damages for failure to execute a contract?


"New York", United States of America

Is a defendant entitled to withdraw his guilty plea and restore the status quo ante?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a direct or indirect comment by a prosecutor on a defendant's failure to testify on his or her own behalf?


California, United States of America

How have the harmless error rule been interpreted in the context of a jury finding that a judge improperly submitted a self-defense claim to the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

How is liability apportioned in the context of accidents?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant plead guilty to premeditated murder in order to prove that another defendant committed murder rather than manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Can a declaration be made in the context of an analysis of the validity of the PUP 1506?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the doctrine of res judicata extend to rulings as to the admissibility of confessions?


Manitoba, Canada

Is Rule 23(c)(2) mandatory notification of a class before a final judgment has been rendered on the merits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the language of CALJIC No. 8.71 in its oral pronouncement on the grounds that a jury has unanimously agreed that they have a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Is there a distinction between matrimonial litigation and other civil litigation?


Ontario, Canada

What are some cases that have been reviewed in the history of federal civil litigation?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of evidence used in cases where the prosecution relies primarily on circumstantial evidence?


California, United States of America

Does a new collective agreement have to retroactively apply benefits?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a report commissioned by legal counsel after issues of coverage had been determined be protected by litigation privilege?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for obtaining express consent in a medical malpractice case?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Does the Federal Bureau of Investigation have the authority to determine if there is harm caused by the agency to the victim of persecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the abuse of discretion standard apply to a ruling by the appellate court on the admissibility of evidence?


California, United States of America

Does appellant have to follow the rules of procedure when representing himself on appeal?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a verdict in a civil case is cognizable?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If Proposition 57 applies retroactively, does remand need to be remanded to a juvenile for a post-trial fitness hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the appellant's contention that because he was unaware of the grant of probation, he was unable to exercise his right to refuse probation?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff required to produce evidence on each element of the cause of action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a criminal action "in furtherance of justice"?


California, United States of America

Is a failure to define an essential element of a crime prejudicial?


California, United States of America

Does Rule 20 of the Rules of Civil Procedure deal with a summary judgement motion?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for appeal costs under section 133(b) of the Courts of Justice Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of evidence used by a jury in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What are some cases where the US Supreme Court has ruled in favour of a motion by a federal district judge?


California, United States of America

Does reasonable suspicion exist for an investigatory stop?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a cause of action in a civil rights case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for proving past or future income loss?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on last-minute preparation for trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for specific and breadth of a search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim for a right to dispose of a person's property?


California, United States of America

What is the test for imputing capital amounts into the calculation of income for the purposes of calculating support?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for sustaining a finding that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does Defendant have a reasonable suspicion to stop based on nervous and evasive conduct in high crime area?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of using hostile and intemperate language in the context of discrimination?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Is there any reason to exclude evidence of sexual assault prior to the trial of defendant in his sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Is a government agency liable for negligence if a plaintiff dies as a result of negligence?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of false misrepresentation in a motor vehicle insurance contract?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the doctrine of invited error bar a defendant from challenging on appeal the failure to instruct on a lesser included offense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for naming in an affidavit under section 185(1)(e) of the Communications Privacy Act?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on time limits for investigative stops under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the penalty for knowing participation in mortgage fraud?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where the prosecutor did not allege that defendant personally used a firearm as to count 1, attempted murder?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant deny an applicant a right to amend or amend the description of an invention to include an entire element which had been omitted from the original statement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is a Fourth Amendment violation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a witness be found to have made improper or improper comments in testimony?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admissibility of evidence that a third party committed the charged crime?


California, United States of America

What are the costs of a judicial review application?


Canada (Federal), Canada

How does the court review a motion denying a new trial under the deferential abuse of standard?


California, United States of America

How has section 654 of the California Vehicle Robbery and Carjacking Act been interpreted?


California, United States of America

Can a party who has been fraudulently induced into a conveyance rescind the transaction if the other party agrees to the transaction?


California, United States of America

Is a police officer's exhortation to "tell the truth" sufficient to compel a suspect to give a subsequent confession?


California, United States of America

Does a third party have the right to pursue a separate, plenary action in the bankruptcy court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages for wrongful dismissal?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test of common intention in common law property analysis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the state of the law in relation to capacity, and is there any case law where capacity is not a factor?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Can a district attorney in his opening statement say that nothing he said could be considered as evidence?


California, United States of America

Is Defendant's claim of ineffective assistance of counsel based on matters that are not in the appellate record?


California, United States of America

Where information is deficient, can an application be adjourned so the parties can provide evidence relevant to section 9(b) and 9(c)?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for constructive trust?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a sentence of death unreliable under the Eighth Amendment and article I, section 17 of the California Constitution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a court to order physical restraint of a mentally ill defendant?


California, United States of America

Is negligent conduct of counsel not sufficient to find a breach of natural justice?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What are the relevant factors for determining whether either of two possible jurisdictions would be suitable for the determination of issues raised by the litigation at issue?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for finding that a defendant made a false statement to a plaintiff?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the contributions of the two spouses to the business been determined?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing reasonable doubt in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

When will a court grant or deny default judgment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of review of a judgment?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for driving under the influence of alcohol?


California, United States of America

Is a person who aids and abet a crime even if someone else committed some or all of the criminal acts?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to bring a claim for emotional distress?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of recent changes in circumstances on analysis of the evidence?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for just compensation for damages caused by a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the test for allowing a divorcee to move to Luxembourg?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for giving an accused sufficient information to be able to stand trial?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a finding of fact can be challenged on appeal?


California, United States of America

Does a judge passing upon a motion for a new trial have the power and authority to decide a case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on sentencing for reckless driving?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the definition of a sawed-off shotgun?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a motion to dismiss this class action in its entirety abused?


California, United States of America

How have the courts treated the issue of prior criminal convictions in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted bankruptcy law in the context of bankruptcy law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the time frame for determining whether the accused is tried within a reasonable time?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a state prisoner apply for a writ of habeas corpus?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the SVPA allow for updated evaluations to be submitted to a district attorney?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a jury was asked to consider the impact of "unpleasant" autopsy photographs on the evidence?


California, United States of America

Can a motion seeking substantial indemnity costs after trial be successful?


Ontario, Canada

Does the factual basis rule apply to felonies?


California, United States of America

What is the test for establishing a presumption of legitimacy in a civil proceeding?


"New York", United States of America

Is it an error of law if an applicant suffers from multiple medical conditions at the same time as the main medical condition?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the liability of an employer when an employee gets into a car accident at a social function?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with conflicting and contradictory evidence regarding fibromyalgia?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the standard of proof and onus of proof in law?


British Columbia, Canada

In a personal injury action, is the cost of the initial pleadings and initial attendances included?


Ontario, Canada

Does a presumption of resulting trust apply to a purchase or transfer of property?


Ontario, Canada

Can a boat and trailer be considered a commercial vehicle?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the words “plus costs” been interpreted in a contract?


Alberta, Canada

Does the record need to reveal why defense counsel elected not to discuss M.C's CART interview?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a retrial based on newly discovered evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the difference between a conviction for murder and conspiracy to commit a crime under section 654 of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on public nuisances?


"New York", United States of America

Is an easement consistent with a right that significantly detracts from the servient owner's rights?


Alberta, Canada

In what circumstances will a police officer be allowed to question a suspect in custody who had previously invoked his Miranda right?


California, United States of America

Is there an obligation on an adult child to contribute towards their education if they are unable to work full-time?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for detention under the Fourth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the evidence of the amount of litigation costs in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion to suppress evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a loss of future income earning capacity in a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated the issue of discrimination in the context of civil cases?


California, United States of America

What are the serious issues to be tried on an appeal by the husband against the husband's appeal against the Husband's Agreement of Divorce?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reversal of a criminal conviction for a statement that was improperly admitted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will a federal judge order an evidentiary hearing to develop a full factual record on remand?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an award of attorneys' fees appropriate where a party succeeds in challenging administrative actions of a government entity on grounds that they failed to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act?


California, United States of America

Is a prisoner entitled to relief on a habeas corpus claim that would not necessarily lead to an immediate or speedier release?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When will a prosecutor be able to charge an intoxicated driver with murder and vehicular manslaughter?


California, United States of America

What is the test for unanimity in a jury verdict in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for evidence that qualifies as the "fruit of the poisonous tree"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for impecunious plaintiffs to prove their case is meritorious?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law supporting the argument that a hung jury in the guilt phase was not a foregone conclusion?


California, United States of America

Does the full misdemeanor sentence violate equal protection?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant plead to an amendment to the Rules of Civil Procedure?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a jury to find a defendant guilty of the attempted murder of Sims?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of care for a professional?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the reasons of a judge's finding that the evidence is inadequate?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with complaints that a juror is refusing to discuss the elements of an attempted robbery?


California, United States of America

Can an attorney refuse to disclose the identity of a client?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there an affirmative defense under section 850.4 immunity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a finding of full performance in a medical malpractice case?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of a court's decision not to strike an allegation of abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Does qualified privilege apply to statements made by an employee to a supervisor?


Yukon, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence of sexual assault in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a lesser included offense of a charged crime?


California, United States of America

Is a plea of guilty to a charge of second degree burglary valid?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for assessing a person’s risk of injury in a motor vehicle accident?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

Is the debt load of the parties a factor in determining the outcome of a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Does a defendant have a right to plead guilty to murder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the absence of an instruction defining reasonable doubt result in a jury failing to apply the same reasonable doubt test?


California, United States of America

What is the test for having standing to exclude or exclude evidence that may have been obtained in violation of the fourth amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of a juvenile court's ruling that a defendant has a right to cross-examine and confront witnesses at a probation violation hearing?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plea of undue influence?


Manitoba, Canada

What are the elements of an excessive force claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for making an inference of negligence in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What are the findings of the Court of Appeal in determining there was no instructional error and no prejudice?


California, United States of America