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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for establishing a great bodily injury finding where a shooting victim is shot in the back of the head with a single bullet wound?


California, United States of America

What is the test for allowing evidence to be adduce at the Court of Appeal in the context of an appeal?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What are the elements of a wrongful death claim?


California, United States of America

What is the first amended complaint in the trial court's file in this matter?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing a fraudulent transaction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing firearm allegations in a juvenile case?


California, United States of America

Does the examination for discovery by a defendant constitute a step in an action?


Alberta, Canada

What is the attenuation exception to the exclusionary rule?


California, United States of America

What is the proper limiting instruction to a jury in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Does Defendant have a speedy trial right to plead not guilty to Count 2 of a superseding indictment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for assessing damages for future care costs?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the court order that a defendant be ordered to pay damages to his ex-partner in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a claim for damages at a victim restitution hearing?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to pay child support arrears out of his capital assets?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of an order for foreclosure of a mortgage or encumbrance?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What is a doctor’s duty of full disclosure?


Alberta, Canada

Can a battered person who fears imminent peril can arrange to assault or kill her abuser in the future and still claim self-defense?


California, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on common intention in domestic violence cases?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the burden of establishing that a plaintiff has standing for each type of relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a custody application for access to a child where the father has learned that the mother intends to move from Saskatoon to Australia with the child?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for hearing an application for habeas corpus?


British Columbia, Canada

When will a judge be barred from making comments in the courtroom that constitute "extrajudicial bias"?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an expert be required to read excerpts of an article to the jury?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a crime of attempted murder?


Ontario, Canada

What is the legal test for charging an attorney an hourly fee?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of having a step-parent in an application for a stay of removal?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for deviation under section 5 of the Interpretation Act?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for abuse of the abuse standard?


California, United States of America

Does the anti-SLAPP statute need to define "an issue of public interest"?


California, United States of America

When reviewing a motion for a new trial, does the appellate court apply the standard of "abuse of discretion" in denying the motion?


California, United States of America

Is there sufficient evidence to convict a man of possession of a stolen vehicle for driving under the influence of alcohol?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances have courts reversed, reversed or remanded the sentence imposed under section 667(a) of the Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What legal authority has been cited in relation to statutory privilege?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the evidentiary test to review evidence supporting a special circumstance allegation after denial of a section 995 motion?


California, United States of America

What is the test for overturning a finding that a trial court's limitation on the scope of cross-examination and its evidentiary rulings is abuse of abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the vulnerability of a commercial relationship between two parties of similar bargaining strength?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a claim of undue hardship under the Child Support Guidelines?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for a right to counsel in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of attempted murder and carjacking?


California, United States of America

Is a prison guard's physical sexual assault of an inmate offensive to human dignity and may violate the Eighth Amendment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of incorrect voir dire instructions in a murder trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

Does a statement against penal interest need to be made in custody?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for instructing a deadlocked jury to listen and give due consideration to each other?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a federal court review a constitutional claim brought by a state prisoner?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the conditions of probation for a defendant who has been found guilty of assault?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate management fee for personal injury claims?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the court invalidate a probation search?


California, United States of America

Is it misconduct for a prosecuting attorney to express his personal belief as to the reliability of a witness?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judgment be substituted for the specific relief claimed?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is competent to stand trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an order requiring a defendant to register as a sex offender under section 290.006?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

Does a federal district court have jurisdiction to remand a case before a federal judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for finding a standard medical practice negligent?


Ontario, Canada

What is the appropriate penalty for a lawyer who has been defrauded by a fraudster?


Ontario, Canada

What is the limitation period for a request for collateral review in a federal habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have defendants in a negligence action been dealt with?


California, United States of America

Is a statement which does not directly declare a mental state, but is circumstantial evidence of that state, admissible?


California, United States of America

Is a defendant liable in damages for negligent misrepresentation?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a motion to amend a section of the California Vehicle Accident Prevention Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a father to have access to his children in Australia?


Ontario, Canada

What evidence supports the finding that a defendant waived his Miranda right by giving two statements to agents?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances would a parent be denied custody in a custody battle between a parent and a non-parent?


Ontario, Canada

Can a prison official be held liable under the Eighth Amendment for failing to provide adequate medical care to an inmate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a postjudgment motion for attorney fees compel a different result?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable in the appeal?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Is a probationer's electronic devices subject to warrantless search?


California, United States of America

What is the summary judgment case law in summary judgment cases?


Prince Edward Island, Canada

What is the duty of repair for a damaged building?


British Columbia, Canada

How have privies been interpreted in the context of issue estoppel?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the propriety of a motion for a new trial?


California, United States of America

Is there any evidence that a judge was biased against him?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the findings of an independent review of the record on appeal?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a magistrate judge's findings of law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How to respond to an inquiry by the judge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim for deliberate indifference to health and safety?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of failing to call a material witness?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a section of the California Probation Code that prohibits the possession of a firearm and a quantity of illegal drugs sufficient to cause a violation of a probation condition?


California, United States of America

What is the test for breaching s. 15 of the Canadian Human Rights Code?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a prisoner have a constitutional right to access educational and rehabilitation programs in prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the factors used in determining whether a child is in the best interests of the children when the parents are separated?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will the court strike down the appellant's claim that he had possession of recently stolen property?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of immunity for a police officer in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a prior conviction for possession with intent to distribute controlled substance properly admitted?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a class representative required to show some basis in fact for each of the certification requirements?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a defendant seeking a second opinion on the same matter?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a witness who is unavailable as a witness give evidence against an undercover law enforcement officer in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the exclusion of all evidence of the pension in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What rules govern the conduct of a defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review used to determine whether jury instructions state the law?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the Court remand an application to the Board of Immigration Appeals?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the impact of the "resident relative" exclusion in the context of a claim under the Family Law Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficient evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant be found guilty of furnishing or giving away a controlled substance without actually possessing it?


California, United States of America

Can evidence of a person's character be admitted in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a certificate of probable cause under section 1237.5 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations under the AEDPA apply during the time between the date that a judgment becomes final and the date on which the petitioner files his first state collateral challenge?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an arbitration agreement enforceable on a "take-it or leave-it" basis?


California, United States of America

What is the test for injunctive relief in a trade dispute?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for granting a jury view of a crime scene?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a modified self-defense instruction in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for appointing a new attorney in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a decision in a child protection case?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for intentional blindness in criminal law?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the rights of a person who has been arrested but has not been charged with a crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a vendor have a legal interest in the crop before it is delivered to the elevator?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a spouse can be found liable for undue influence under section 721 of the California Marriage Act?


California, United States of America

What is the test for express malice in the context of privileged privilege?


Yukon, Canada

What is the test for dismissing an indictment because the government failed to retain a witness?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does a jury have to agree that a defendant would prefer a guilty verdict than a hung jury?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a dominant driver is an immediate hazard?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for excluding evidence for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

What is the date of an action brought by a prisoner who alleges that he was sexually assaulted while serving time in prison?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a defendant has been found to have ineffective counsel at sentencing?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving insufficient evidence to challenge a defendant's sexual assault conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ex post facto legislation in the context of sexual assault cases?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Attorney General's response to a jury's question about moderate harm constitute a claim forfeited?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court order a search of a vehicle and search of the vehicle of a man who has been detained without probable cause to suspect criminal activity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for excluding third party culpability evidence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court overturn a finding that a visitor to the premises at the time of the incident be considered a potential witness to the crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is an individual an accomplice if they were present at the scene of the crime?


California, United States of America

Does an officer relying on an invalid arrest warrant have a defense to civil action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim under section 1983 of the Federal Civil Rights Act?


California, United States of America

How does the statute of limitations apply in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a jury found there was a reasonable likelihood that a plaintiff made a complaint of sexual harassment or sexual harassment?


California, United States of America

Does a partial privative clause in a medical malpractice case impart only the protection of full privative protection?


Alberta, Canada

Is there any case law where a judge was biased or prejudiced?


federal, United States of America

Does a judge have a duty to question a juror sufficiently at a hearing where the hearing was inadequate?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the valid and rational reasons for disinheritance?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a defendant be sentenced to two concurrent sentences under section 654 of the California Criminal Code for a breach of public security legislation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversal of a judgment on the basis of doubt?


California, United States of America

How have extrinsic aids been interpreted in statutory analysis?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a determination of deliberate indifference?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the consequence of multiple offers being made by the same parties?


British Columbia, Canada

How has Section 654(b)(2) of the Civil Code of Civil Procedure been interpreted by a federal court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for restoring a plaintiff to their former position as a result of the tortfeasor's actions?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements for a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a judge deny additional damages in lieu of reinstatement?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the statute of limitations apply to delayed discovery?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a second state habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for an aider and abettor of an attempted murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an agent to be paid commission for a sale?


British Columbia, Canada

Can an anti-SLAPP motion be directed at the type of allegations that were added to a cross-complaint?


California, United States of America

What is the test for crediting as true in a disability claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for the unlawful taking or withholding of a minor child from the custody of the parent or guardian?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where the maximum award negotiated and ordered payable is not reduced to the maximum?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for allowing a divorcee to move to Luxembourg?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the court treated a motion to reduce a charge of assault to a simple assault with intent to pervert the course of justice?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer be permitted to shoot and kill an unarmed, nondangerous suspect?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for expert testimony in a motor vehicle accident case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a judge to be found in contempt of court?


California, United States of America

What is a common issue in a class action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for a disqualification motion?


California, United States of America

What is the alternative to equal division of the sale proceeds?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the result of a jury's verdict in a felony-murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law where a defendant was ordered to undergo a state-ordered psychiatric examination by a psychiatrist?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a request by the Chief Commissioner for Human Rights for an inquiry into allegations of sexual harassment against a plaintiff?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is a minor too young to give consent to be taken into custody?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to testify at trial?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of previous predecessors in title being admitted in title?


Alberta, Canada

When is shared custody not a default option?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion for consolidation under Penal Code section 954?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of intent to kill?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of fact under section 6 of the Negligence Act?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for dismissal of a criminal charge based on prisoner status?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an appeal is moot?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficient evidence to overturn a conviction?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving intent in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting new evidence on an appeal in child protection proceedings?


Ontario, Canada

Does section 954 of the California Criminal Code prohibit multiple punishments for the same act or omission?


California, United States of America

Does section 654 of the California Criminal Code bar multiple punishments for robbery and assault with a deadly weapon convictions?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of review applicable to administrative action?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for reasonableness of a decision?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the range of general damages for loss of housekeeping capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a dismissed habeas petition constitute a strike?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the legal test for a motor vehicle theft?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted the test for determining whether a plaintiff was deprived of access to a bus stop?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will an indictment be dismissed on the grounds that the underlying statute is unconstitutional?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant ask the victim of sexual assault about their past sexual activity?


California, United States of America

What are the grounds for detention under section 3142(e) of the Civil Procedure Review Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the common law meaning of custodial fingerprinting?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for establishing that a plaintiff has a reasonable showing that they will succeed on the merits of a motion?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test of privacy under s. 8 of the Charter?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a judge have the exclusive right to pass upon the credibility of witnesses?


California, United States of America

What is the impact of the term “spousal services” in the context of spousal compensation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a class action for want to prosecute?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of proof for a defendant to prove their eligibility under Proposition 47?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to a future care award for the purposes of calculating future care costs?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court order a father to pay child support for the cost of busing to a special school?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review applied by the Court in determining whether there was more than one objective?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a person is guilty of a crime?


California, United States of America

Is a plaintiff's claim for mental health benefits futile because his physician has diagnosed him as having a dysthymic disorder?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the plausibility standard for determining whether a defendant has committed a criminal offence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the litigating finger need to point to the proposed Defendant and no one else?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of review on appeal against a finding of bias?


California, United States of America

Is a crime premeditated when it was considered beforehand and deliberate?


California, United States of America